वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-50

अतस्तु किं दुःखतरं यदहं जीवितक्षये ।
न हि पश्यामि धर्मज्ञं रामं सत्यपराक्यमम् ॥५०॥

50. atastu kiṃ duḥkhataraṃ yadahaṃ jīvitakṣaye ,
na hi paśyāmi dharmajñaṃ rāmaṃ satyaparākyamam.

50. ataḥ tu kim duḥkhataram yat aham jīvitakṣaye
na hi paśyāmi dharmajñam rāmam satyaparākramam

50. ataḥ tu kim duḥkhataram (asti) yat aham jīvitakṣaye
dharmajñam satyaparākramam rāmam hi na paśyāmi

50. Therefore, what could be more sorrowful than the fact that I, at the end of my life, indeed do not see Rama, the one who knows natural law (dharma) and whose valor is truth?

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, who, which)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more painful

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause) (that, which)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• जीवितक्षये (jīvitakṣaye) - at the destruction of life, at the end of life

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - the one who knows natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• सत्यपराक्रमम् (satyaparākramam) - whose valor is truth (whose valor is truth, truly mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, from this

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

neuter nominative/accusative singular of 'kim'

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more painful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more painful

comparative degree of 'duḥkha' (sorrow) with suffix '-tara'

यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause) (that, which)

(indeclinable)

neuter nominative/accusative singular of 'yad'

Note: Used here as a conjunction 'that'

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

first person pronoun

जीवितक्षये (jīvitakṣaye) - at the destruction of life, at the end of life

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jīvitakṣaya

jīvitakṣaya - loss of life, end of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+kṣaya)

• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  from root jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  from root kṣi (to destroy, diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present active

from root dṛś, 1st person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - the one who knows natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: modifies 'rāmam'

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated king, son of Dasaratha)

सत्यपराक्रमम् (satyaparākramam) - whose valor is truth (whose valor is truth, truly mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyaparākrama

satyaparākrama - whose valor is truth, truly mighty, whose power is real

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+parākrama)

• satya – truth, reality, true
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as
• parākrama – valor, might, strength, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  from prefix parā- and root kram (to step, stride)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: modifies 'rāmam'