वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-45

त्वया तु यदविज्ञानान्निहतो मे सुतः शुचिः ।
तेन त्वामभिशप्स्यामि सुदुःखमतिदारुणम् ॥४५॥

45. tvayā tu yadavijñānānnihato me sutaḥ śuciḥ ,
tena tvāmabhiśapsyāmi suduḥkhamatidāruṇam.

45. tvayā tu yat avijñānāt nihataḥ me sutaḥ śuciḥ
tena tvām abhiśapsyāmi suduḥkham atidāruṇam

45. tvayā tu yat avijñānāt me śuciḥ sutaḥ nihataḥ,
tena (aham) tvām atidāruṇam suduḥkham abhiśapsyāmi

45. "Because my innocent son was killed by you due to your ignorance, I will therefore curse you with an exceedingly dreadful and intense sorrow."

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (King Daśaratha) (by you)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but (indeed, but, moreover)

• यत् (yat) - because (because, that, which)

• अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - due to your ignorance (from ignorance, due to lack of knowledge)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - was killed (killed, slain)

• मे (me) - my (son) (my, to me)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - my son (son)

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - innocent (pure, clean, innocent)

• तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (King Daśaratha) (you)

• अभिशप्स्यामि (abhiśapsyāmi) - I will curse (you) (I will curse)

• सुदुःखम् (suduḥkham) - (with) great sorrow (great sorrow, very painful)

• अतिदारुणम् (atidāruṇam) - extremely dreadful (extremely dreadful, very cruel, highly terrible)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (King Daśaratha) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: instrumental singular of 'yuṣmad'

तु (tu) - indeed, but (indeed, but, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for emphasis or contrast.

यत् (yat) - because (because, that, which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction introducing a causal clause.

अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - due to your ignorance (from ignorance, due to lack of knowledge)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avijñāna

avijñāna - ignorance, lack of knowledge

Compound with negative prefix 'a'

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vijñāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vijñāna – knowledge, understanding, discernment
  noun (neuter)
  from 'vi' + 'jñā' (to know)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: ablative singular of 'avijñāna'

निहतः (nihataḥ) - was killed (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

from verb 'nihan' (ni + han)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle nominative singular masculine, agreeing with 'sutaḥ'

मे (me) - my (son) (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: genitive/dative singular of 'aham' (enclitic form)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - my son (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle

from root 'sū' (to bring forth, produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: nominative singular of 'suta'

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - innocent (pure, clean, innocent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, innocent, bright

Note: nominative singular masculine, agreeing with 'sutaḥ'

तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: instrumental singular masculine of 'tad', often used adverbially as 'therefore'

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (King Daśaratha) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: accusative singular of 'yuṣmad'

अभिशप्स्यामि (abhiśapsyāmi) - I will curse (you) (I will curse)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of abhiśap

Prefix: abhi

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Future 1st singular active of 'abhiśap'

सुदुःखम् (suduḥkham) - (with) great sorrow (great sorrow, very painful)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suduḥkha

suduḥkha - great sorrow, very painful, deep distress

compound with intensifier 'su'

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+duḥkha)

• su – good, well, very, intensely
  indeclinable
  prefix for intensification
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: accusative singular of 'suduḥkha', direct object of the curse.

अतिदारुणम् (atidāruṇam) - extremely dreadful (extremely dreadful, very cruel, highly terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atidāruṇa

atidāruṇa - extremely dreadful, very cruel, highly terrible

compound with intensifier 'ati'

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+dāruṇa)

• ati – beyond, excessive, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  prefix for intensification
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, cruel, severe
  adjective (masculine)

Note: accusative singular neuter, agreeing with 'suduḥkham'

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