वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-23

रुधिरेणावसिताङ्गं प्रकीर्णाजिनवाससं ।
शयानं भुवि निःसंज्ञं धर्मराजवशं गतम् ॥२३॥

23. rudhireṇāvasitāṅgaṃ prakīrṇājinavāsasaṃ ,
śayānaṃ bhuvi niḥsaṃjñaṃ dharmarājavaśaṃ gatam.

23. rudhireṇa avasitāṅgam prakīrṇājinavāsasam
śayānam bhuvi niḥsaṃjñam dharmarājavaśam gatam

23. rudhireṇa avasitāṅgam prakīrṇājinavāsasam
niḥsaṃjñam bhuvi śayānam dharmarājavaśam gatam

23. His limbs were smeared with blood, his deer-skin garment lay scattered, and he was lying unconscious on the ground, having fallen under the sway of the King of natural law (Dharmarāja).

Words meanings summery:

• रुधिरेण (rudhireṇa) - by blood, with blood

• अवसिताङ्गम् (avasitāṅgam) - whose limbs are covered/smeared, whose body is stained

• प्रकीर्णाजिनवाससम् (prakīrṇājinavāsasam) - whose deer-skin garment is scattered/strewn

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down, sleeping

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, on the ground

• निःसंज्ञम् (niḥsaṁjñam) - unconscious, senseless

• धर्मराजवशम् (dharmarājavaśam) - to the sway/control of the king of natural law (Yama)

• गतम् (gatam) - succumbed to, fallen under the sway of (gone, reached, attained, fallen (under))

Words meanings and morphology

रुधिरेण (rudhireṇa) - by blood, with blood

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood

अवसिताङ्गम् (avasitāṅgam) - whose limbs are covered/smeared, whose body is stained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avasitāṅga

avasitāṅga - having limbs covered/smeared

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (avasita+aṅga)

• avasita – covered, smeared, ended, completed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ava-sā' (to finish, to cover)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sā (class 4)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

प्रकीर्णाजिनवाससम् (prakīrṇājinavāsasam) - whose deer-skin garment is scattered/strewn

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prakīrṇājinavāsas

prakīrṇājinavāsas - having a scattered deer-skin garment

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (prakīrṇa+ajina+vāsas)

• prakīrṇa – scattered, strewn
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' with 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 6)
• ajina – deer skin
  noun (neuter)
• vāsas – garment, cloth
  noun (neuter)

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying down, sleeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying down, sleeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'śī' (to lie down, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Acts as an adjective describing the implied object.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

निःसंज्ञम् (niḥsaṁjñam) - unconscious, senseless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥsaṃjña

niḥsaṁjña - unconscious, senseless, without consciousness

Avyayībhāva compound (or similar, indicating lack of)

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (nis+saṃjñā)

• nis – without, out, forth
  indeclinable
  prefix/indeclinable indicating negation or absence
• saṃjñā – consciousness, perception, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

धर्मराजवशम् (dharmarājavaśam) - to the sway/control of the king of natural law (Yama)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarājavaśa

dharmarājavaśa - sway/control of the king of natural law (dharma)

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja+vaśa)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• vaśa – sway, control, power
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Often used with gam (to go) to mean 'to succumb to' or 'to fall under the power of'.

गतम् (gatam) - succumbed to, fallen under the sway of (gone, reached, attained, fallen (under))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied object, like śayānam.

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