वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-1

तदज्ञानान्महत् पापं कृत्वा संकुलितेन्द्रियः ।
एकस्त्वचिन्तयं बुद्ध्या कथं नु सुकृतं भवेत् ॥१॥

1. tadajñānānmahat pāpaṃ kṛtvā saṃkulitendriyaḥ ,
ekastvacintayaṃ buddhyā kathaṃ nu sukṛtaṃ bhavet.

1. tat ajñānāt mahat pāpam kṛtvā saṃkulita-indriyaḥ
ekaḥ tu acintayam buddhyā kathaṃ nu sukṛtaṃ bhavet

1. tu aham ekaḥ buddhyā acintayam,
tat ajñānāt mahat pāpam kṛtvā saṃkulita-indriyaḥ,
kathaṃ nu sukṛtaṃ bhavet

1. Because of that ignorance, having committed a great sin, and with my senses bewildered, I alone pondered with my intellect, 'How indeed can merit (sukṛta) be gained now?'

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (crime/situation) (that, this, it)

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance, due to ignorance

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, enormous

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wicked act

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

• संकुलित-इन्द्रियः (saṁkulita-indriyaḥ) - whose senses are bewildered/confused

• एकः (ekaḥ) - (I) alone (one, alone, solitary)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अचिन्तयम् (acintayam) - I thought, I pondered

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with wisdom, with understanding

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• नु (nu) - indeed, possibly (particle expressing doubt or inquiry) (indeed, now, then, surely)

• सुकृतं (sukṛtaṁ) - merit (karma) (good deed, merit, virtue, religious act)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, might happen, should be

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (crime/situation) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here to introduce the cause ('because of that ignorance').

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - from ignorance, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, want of knowledge

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a + jñāna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates the cause of the action.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, enormous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, enormous

Note: Modifies 'pāpam'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wicked act

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wicked act

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

kṛ (to do) + ktvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Action of 'aham' preceding 'acintayam'.

संकुलित-इन्द्रियः (saṁkulita-indriyaḥ) - whose senses are bewildered/confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkulita-indriya

saṁkulita-indriya - one whose senses are bewildered/confused

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃkulita+indriya)

• saṃkulita – confused, agitated, bewildered
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  sam + kul (to collect, confuse)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the implicit subject 'aham'.

एकः (ekaḥ) - (I) alone (one, alone, solitary)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies the implicit subject 'aham'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अचिन्तयम् (acintayam) - I thought, I pondered

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of cint

Imperfect tense, first person singular, active voice

a + cint (to think) + laṅ suffix

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, subject is 'aham'.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with wisdom, with understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Instrument of 'acintayam'.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

नु (nu) - indeed, possibly (particle expressing doubt or inquiry) (indeed, now, then, surely)

(indeclinable)

सुकृतं (sukṛtaṁ) - merit (karma) (good deed, merit, virtue, religious act)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, merit, virtue, religious act

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

su + kṛ (to do) + kta suffix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  prefix
• kṛta – done, made, acted; deed, act
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  kṛ (to do) + kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'bhavet'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, might happen, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, third person singular, active voice

bhū (to be) + vidhiliṅ suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

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