वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-9

ते तीर्णा इति विज्ञाय बाष्पपूर्णमुखा जनाः ।
अहो धिगिति निःश्वस्य हा रामेति च चुक्रुशुः ॥९॥

9. te tīrṇā iti vijñāya bāṣpapūrṇamukhā janāḥ ,
aho dhigiti niḥśvasya hā rāmeti ca cukruśuḥ.

9. te tīrṇāḥ iti vijñāya bāṣpapurṇamukhāḥ janāḥ
aho dhik iti niḥśvasya hā rāma iti ca cukruśuḥ

9. janāḥ "te tīrṇāḥ" iti vijñāya,
bāṣpapūrṇamukhāḥ,
"aho dhik!" iti niḥśvasya,
"hā rāma!" iti ca cukruśuḥ.

9. Upon realizing that they (Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana) had crossed (the river), the people (janāḥ), with tear-filled faces, sighed 'Oh, woe!' and cried out 'Oh Rama!'

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (Rama, Sita, Lakshmana) (they, those)

• तीर्णाः (tīrṇāḥ) - had crossed (the river) (crossed, passed over, delivered)

• इति (iti) - thus (indicating the knowledge acquired) (thus, in this manner, indicating quotation)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having realized (having known, having understood, having realized)

• बाष्पपुर्णमुखाः (bāṣpapurṇamukhāḥ) - with tear-filled faces (having faces full of tears, tear-faced)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - the people (janāḥ) (people, men)

• अहो (aho) - Oh! Alas! (Oh! Alas! (exclamation of wonder, joy, or sorrow))

• धिक् (dhik) - woe! (fie!, shame!, woe!)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing the cry of woe) (thus, in this manner, indicating quotation)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed, having breathed out)

• हा (hā) - Oh! Alas! (Oh! Alas! (exclamation of sorrow or regret))

• राम (rāma) - Rama (Rama (proper name))

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing the cry to Rama) (thus, in this manner, indicating quotation)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - cried out (cried out, shouted, lamented)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (Rama, Sita, Lakshmana) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'are' or 'have gone' in the quoted thought.

तीर्णाः (tīrṇāḥ) - had crossed (the river) (crossed, passed over, delivered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed, passed over, traversed, accomplished, delivered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tṛ' (to cross) + suffix 'kta'

Root: tṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (indicating the knowledge acquired) (thus, in this manner, indicating quotation)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having realized (having known, having understood, having realized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi' + suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates a prior action of 'janāḥ'.

बाष्पपुर्णमुखाः (bāṣpapurṇamukhāḥ) - with tear-filled faces (having faces full of tears, tear-faced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṣpapūrṇamukha

bāṣpapūrṇamukha - having faces full of tears

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bāṣpa+pūrṇa+mukha)

• bāṣpa – tear, steam, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pṛ' (to fill)
  Root: pṛ (class 9)
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - the people (janāḥ) (people, men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, human being

Note: Subject of 'niḥśvasya' and 'cukruśuḥ'.

अहो (aho) - Oh! Alas! (Oh! Alas! (exclamation of wonder, joy, or sorrow))

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - woe! (fie!, shame!, woe!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often combined with 'iti' to express a cry. Written as 'dhig' due to internal sandhi in Devanagari.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing the cry of woe) (thus, in this manner, indicating quotation)

(indeclinable)

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed, having breathed out)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefix 'nis' + suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Indicates a prior action of 'janāḥ'.

हा (hā) - Oh! Alas! (Oh! Alas! (exclamation of sorrow or regret))

(indeclinable)

राम (rāma) - Rama (Rama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name), pleasing, black, dark

Note: Used in direct address/exclamation.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing the cry to Rama) (thus, in this manner, indicating quotation)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two exclamations.

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - cried out (cried out, shouted, lamented)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kruś

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Root 'kruś' (to cry)

Root: kruś (class 1)