वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-14

स राजमार्गमध्येन सुमन्त्रः पिहिताननः ।
यत्र राजा दशरथस्तदेवोपययौ गृहम् ॥१४॥

14. sa rājamārgamadhyena sumantraḥ pihitānanaḥ ,
yatra rājā daśarathastadevopayayau gṛham.

14. sa rājamārgamadhyena sumantraḥ pihitānanaḥ
yatra rājā daśarathaḥ tat eva upayayau gṛham

14. sumantraḥ pihitānanaḥ rājamārgamadhyena
yatra rājā daśarathaḥ tat eva gṛham upayayau

14. His face covered in sorrow, Sumantra went through the middle of the royal highway and approached that very palace where King Dasaratha resided.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Sumantra (referring to the subject of the sentence) (he, that)

• राजमार्गमध्येन (rājamārgamadhyena) - through the middle of the main royal road (by the middle of the royal road, through the highway)

• सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - The charioteer Sumantra, known for his good counsel. (Sumantra (name of a charioteer/minister))

• पिहिताननः (pihitānanaḥ) - Sumantra, whose face was covered (in sorrow) (with covered face, whose face is hidden)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (King Dasaratha resided) (where, in which place)

• राजा (rājā) - King Dasaratha (king)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Dasaratha, father of Rama. (Dasaratha)

• तत् (tat) - that (very house/palace) (that, it)

• एव (eva) - very (that very house) (only, just, indeed, very)

• उपययौ (upayayau) - Sumantra approached (the palace) (he approached, went near)

• गृहम् (gṛham) - the royal palace (house, dwelling, palace)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Sumantra (referring to the subject of the sentence) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजमार्गमध्येन (rājamārgamadhyena) - through the middle of the main royal road (by the middle of the royal road, through the highway)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājamārgamadhya

rājamārgamadhya - middle of the royal road

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+mārga+madhya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – road, path, way
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - The charioteer Sumantra, known for his good counsel. (Sumantra (name of a charioteer/minister))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name of Dasaratha's charioteer and chief minister); good counsel; good minister

पिहिताननः (pihitānanaḥ) - Sumantra, whose face was covered (in sorrow) (with covered face, whose face is hidden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pihitānana

pihitānana - having the face covered; with a covered face

Bahuvrīhi compound: pihita (covered) + ānana (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pihita+ānana)

• pihita – covered, hidden, closed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √dhā (to place, put) with prefix api (or pi)
  Prefix: api
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Adjective referring to the subject Sumantra.

यत्र (yatra) - where (King Dasaratha resided) (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

formed from pronoun ya + suffix tra

राजा (rājā) - King Dasaratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Dasaratha, father of Rama. (Dasaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasaratha (name of a famous king of Ayodhya, father of Rama); a person with ten chariots

तत् (tat) - that (very house/palace) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as an adjective for gṛham.

एव (eva) - very (that very house) (only, just, indeed, very)

(indeclinable)

उपययौ (upayayau) - Sumantra approached (the palace) (he approached, went near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of upayā

Perfect Tense (Liṭ Lakāra)

reduplicated perfect of √yā with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

गृहम् (gṛham) - the royal palace (house, dwelling, palace)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, dwelling, home, palace

Root: gṛh

Note: Object of the verb upayayau.