वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-15

सो ऽवतीर्य रथाच्छीघ्रं राजवेश्म प्रविश्य च ।
कक्ष्याः सप्ताभिचक्राम महाजनसमाकुलाः ॥१५॥

15. so'vatīrya rathācchīghraṃ rājaveśma praviśya ca ,
kakṣyāḥ saptābhicakrāma mahājanasamākulāḥ.

15. saḥ avatīrya rathāt śīghram rājaveśma praviśya
ca kakṣyāḥ sapta abhicakrāma mahājanasamākulāḥ

15. saḥ śīghram rathāt avatīrya ca rājaveśma praviśya
sapta mahājanasamākulāḥ kakṣyāḥ abhicakrāma

15. Quickly descending from the chariot and entering the royal palace, he traversed the seven courts, which were bustling with many people.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Sumantra (he, that)

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having dismounted from the chariot (having descended, having dismounted)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from Sumantra's chariot (from the chariot)

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - in a swift manner (quickly, swiftly)

• राजवेश्म (rājaveśma) - King Dasaratha's palace (royal palace, king's residence)

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered the royal palace (having entered)

• च (ca) - and (connecting the two absolutive actions) (and, also)

• कक्ष्याः (kakṣyāḥ) - the seven divisions of the royal palace (enclosures, apartments, courts, rooms)

• सप्त (sapta) - the number seven (seven)

• अभिचक्राम (abhicakrāma) - Sumantra passed through (the courts) (he traversed, he passed through, he approached)

• महाजनसमाकुलाः (mahājanasamākulāḥ) - the courts, crowded with a multitude of people (crowded with many people, full of a great multitude)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Sumantra (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having dismounted from the chariot (having descended, having dismounted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √tṛ (to cross) with prefix ava. Suffix lyap (or ya) for compound verbs.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from Sumantra's chariot (from the chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Expresses separation from.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - in a swift manner (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying avatīrya and praviśya.

राजवेश्म (rājaveśma) - King Dasaratha's palace (royal palace, king's residence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājaveśman

rājaveśman - royal palace, king's residence

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+veśman)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• veśman – house, dwelling, abode
  noun (neuter)
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Object of praviśya.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered the royal palace (having entered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √viś (to enter) with prefix pra. Suffix lyap (or ya) for compound verbs.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

च (ca) - and (connecting the two absolutive actions) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कक्ष्याः (kakṣyāḥ) - the seven divisions of the royal palace (enclosures, apartments, courts, rooms)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kakṣyā

kakṣyā - apartment, court, enclosure, waist-band, side

Root: kām (class 1)

Note: Object of abhicakrāma.

सप्त (sapta) - the number seven (seven)

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying kakṣyāḥ.

अभिचक्राम (abhicakrāma) - Sumantra passed through (the courts) (he traversed, he passed through, he approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhicakram

Perfect Tense (Liṭ Lakāra)

reduplicated perfect of √kram (to step, go) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

महाजनसमाकुलाः (mahājanasamākulāḥ) - the courts, crowded with a multitude of people (crowded with many people, full of a great multitude)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of mahājanasamākula

mahājanasamākula - crowded by a great multitude of people

compound: mahājana (great multitude of people) + samākula (crowded, filled)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahājana+samākula)

• mahājana – great multitude of people, common people
  noun (masculine)
• samākula – full of, crowded with, agitated
  adjective (masculine)
  from root ākul (to be confused) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ākul

Note: Adjective modifying kakṣyāḥ.