वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-8

तेषां शशंस गङ्गायामहमापृच्छ्य राघवम् ।
अनुज्ञातो निवृत्तो ऽस्मि धार्मिकेण महात्मना ॥८॥

8. teṣāṃ śaśaṃsa gaṅgāyāmahamāpṛcchya rāghavam ,
anujñāto nivṛtto'smi dhārmikeṇa mahātmanā.

8. teṣām śaśaṃsa gaṅgāyām aham āpṛcchya rāghavam
anujñātaḥ nivṛttaḥ asmi dhārmikeṇa mahātmanā

8. saḥ teṣām śaśaṃsa: "aham gaṅgāyām rāghavam āpṛcchya.
(tatas) dhārmikeṇa mahātmanā anujñātaḥ asmi (iti) nivṛttaḥ asmi.
"

8. To them, he narrated: 'At the Ganga, I took leave of Rama (Rāghava), and I have returned, permitted by that righteous (dharmika) and great-souled (mahātman) individual.'

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them (the people who ran up) (to them, of them)

• शशंस (śaśaṁsa) - he told (told, narrated, recited)

• गङ्गायाम् (gaṅgāyām) - at the river Ganga (on the Ganga, at the Ganga river)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Sumantra) (I)

• आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of (having taken leave of, having asked permission)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama (Rāghava) (Rama (descendant of Raghu))

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted (to return) (permitted, allowed, dismissed)

• निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - returned (returned, turned back, ceased)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• धार्मिकेण (dhārmikeṇa) - by the righteous (dharmika) one (Rama) (by the righteous one, by the virtuous one)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (mahātman) one (Rama) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them (the people who ran up) (to them, of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Dative/genitive plural, referring to 'narāḥ' from the previous verse, recipient of speech.

शशंस (śaśaṁsa) - he told (told, narrated, recited)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śaṃs

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Root 'śaṃs' (to tell)

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Subject is Sumantra (implicit).

गङ्गायाम् (gaṅgāyām) - at the river Ganga (on the Ganga, at the Ganga river)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - Ganga (the river Ganges)

Note: Location of the action 'āpṛcchya'.

अहम् (aham) - I (Sumantra) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of 'asmi'.

आपृच्छ्य (āpṛcchya) - having taken leave of (having taken leave of, having asked permission)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'prach' (to ask) with prefix 'ā' + suffix 'lyap'

Prefix: ā

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'nivṛttaḥ asmi'.

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama (Rāghava) (Rama (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu

Note: Object of 'āpṛcchya'.

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted (to return) (permitted, allowed, dismissed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, dismissed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'anu' + suffix 'kta'

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Part of the predicate with 'asmi'.

निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - returned (returned, turned back, ceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased, retreated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) with prefix 'ni' + suffix 'kta'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of the predicate with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense (Laṭ)

Root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

धार्मिकेण (dhārmikeṇa) - by the righteous (dharmika) one (Rama) (by the righteous one, by the virtuous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, just, pious, observing (dharma)

Derived from 'dharma' with suffix 'ika'

Note: Refers to Rama, agent of 'anujñātaḥ'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled (mahātman) one (Rama) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rama, agent of 'anujñātaḥ'. In apposition to 'dhārmikeṇa'.