वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-4

ततः सायाह्नसमये तृतीये ऽहनि सारथिः ।
अयोध्यां समनुप्राप्य निरानन्दां ददर्श ह ॥४॥

4. tataḥ sāyāhnasamaye tṛtīye'hani sārathiḥ ,
ayodhyāṃ samanuprāpya nirānandāṃ dadarśa ha.

4. tataḥ sāyāhnasamaye tṛtīye ahani sārathiḥ
ayodhyām samanuprāpya nirānandām dadarśa ha

4. tataḥ tṛtīye ahani sāyāhnasamaye sārathiḥ
ayodhyām samanuprāpya nirānandām dadarśa ha

4. Then, on the third day, in the evening, the charioteer, having arrived at Ayodhya, saw it to be devoid of joy.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• सायाह्नसमये (sāyāhnasamaye) - at evening time

• तृतीये (tṛtīye) - on the third

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - the charioteer

• अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - Ayodhya

• समनुप्राप्य (samanuprāpya) - having reached, having arrived at

• निरानन्दाम् (nirānandām) - joyless, devoid of happiness

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (particle for emphasis)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

सायाह्नसमये (sāyāhnasamaye) - at evening time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāyāhnasamaya

sāyāhnasamaya - evening time, period of evening

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāyāhna+samaya)

• sāyāhna – evening, afternoon
  noun (masculine)
• samaya – time, season, occasion, agreement, custom
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: i (class 2)

तृतीये (tṛtīye) - on the third

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

Ordinal numeral

Note: Agrees with 'ahani'

अहनि (ahani) - on the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - the charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

अयोध्याम् (ayodhyām) - Ayodhya

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhya (name of the capital city of Kosala kingdom)

समनुप्राप्य (samanuprāpya) - having reached, having arrived at

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root āp with prefixes sam, anu, pra, suffix lyap

Prefixes: sam+anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

निरानन्दाम् (nirānandām) - joyless, devoid of happiness

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirānandā

nirānandā - joyless, without joy, devoid of happiness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+ānanda)

• nis – without, out, away from
  indeclinable
• ānanda – joy, happiness, bliss
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Ayodhyām'

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (particle for emphasis)

(indeclinable)