वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-12

किं समर्थं जनस्यास्य किं प्रियं किं सुखावहम् ।
इति रामेण नगरं पितृवत् परिपालितम् ॥१२॥

12. kiṃ samarthaṃ janasyāsya kiṃ priyaṃ kiṃ sukhāvaham ,
iti rāmeṇa nagaraṃ pitṛvat paripālitam.

12. kim samartham janasya asya kim priyam kim
sukhāvaham iti rāmeṇa nagaram pitṛvat paripālitam

12. rāmeṇa pitṛvat iti kim asya janasya samartham
kim priyam kim sukhāvaham nagaram paripālitam

12. Always considering, 'What is suitable for these citizens? What is pleasing? What brings happiness?' Rāma governed the city like a father.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - interrogative pronoun, 'What is...?' (what?, which?)

• समर्थम् (samartham) - what is appropriate or beneficial (suitable, capable, proper)

• जनस्य (janasya) - of the citizens (of the people, of mankind)

• अस्य (asya) - of these (people/citizens) (of this, his)

• किम् (kim) - interrogative pronoun, 'What is...?' (what?, which?)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - what is beneficial or pleasing (dear, beloved, pleasing)

• किम् (kim) - interrogative pronoun, 'What is...?' (what?, which?)

• सुखावहम् (sukhāvaham) - bringing happiness/welfare

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct thought (thus, so, in this way)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

• नगरम् (nagaram) - city

• पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father, fatherly

• परिपालितम् (paripālitam) - protected, governed, cherished

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - interrogative pronoun, 'What is...?' (what?, which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Interrogative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative.

समर्थम् (samartham) - what is appropriate or beneficial (suitable, capable, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samartha

samartha - capable, able, suitable, proper, appropriate, meaningful

From sam-artha (having joint purpose/meaning).

Prefix: sam

Root: arth (class 10)

जनस्य (janasya) - of the citizens (of the people, of mankind)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Derived from root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Possessive, 'of the people'.

अस्य (asya) - of these (people/citizens) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

किम् (kim) - interrogative pronoun, 'What is...?' (what?, which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Interrogative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative.

प्रियम् (priyam) - what is beneficial or pleasing (dear, beloved, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable, beneficial

Root: prī (class 9)

किम् (kim) - interrogative pronoun, 'What is...?' (what?, which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Interrogative pronoun, neuter singular nominative/accusative.

सुखावहम् (sukhāvaham) - bringing happiness/welfare

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukhāvaha

sukhāvaha - bringing happiness, causing welfare, conducive to well-being

Compound: sukha (happiness) + āvaha (bringing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+āvaha)

• sukha – happiness, comfort, pleasure, well-being
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/derivative
  From ā-vah (to bring, convey)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct thought (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the epic hero), pleasing, delightful

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb paripālitam.

नगरम् (nagaram) - city

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Subject of the passive verb paripālitam.

पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father, fatherly

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pitṛ (father) with suffix -vat.

Note: Modifies paripālitam.

परिपालितम् (paripālitam) - protected, governed, cherished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paripālita

paripālita - protected, guarded, governed, preserved, cherished

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root pāl with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Functions as the main verb of the passive sentence.