वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-10

शुश्राव च वचस्तेषां वृन्दं वृन्दं च तिष्ठताम् ।
हताः स्म खलु ये नेह पश्याम इति राघवम् ॥१०॥

10. śuśrāva ca vacasteṣāṃ vṛndaṃ vṛndaṃ ca tiṣṭhatām ,
hatāḥ sma khalu ye neha paśyāma iti rāghavam.

10. śuśrāva ca vacaḥ teṣām vṛndam vṛndam ca tiṣṭhatām
hatāḥ sma khalu ye na iha paśyāma iti rāghavam

10. vṛndam vṛndam tiṣṭhatām teṣām vacaḥ ca śuśrāva
iti khalu hatāḥ sma ye na iha rāghavam paśyāma

10. He heard the words of those standing group by group, who lamented, "Indeed, we are ruined, for we no longer see Rāghava (Rāma) here!"

Words meanings summery:

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he heard

• च (ca) - and, also

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (plural is implied from context) (word, speech, saying)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those people (standing) (of them, their)

• वृन्दम् (vṛndam) - used adverbially, 'group by group' (group, multitude)

• वृन्दम् (vṛndam) - used adverbially, 'group by group' (group, multitude)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तिष्ठताम् (tiṣṭhatām) - of those standing

• हताः (hatāḥ) - we are ruined (by sorrow or misfortune) (ruined, destroyed, killed)

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

• ये (ye) - we who (are in this situation) (who, which)

• न (na) - not, no

• इह (iha) - here, at this time/place (here, in this world, now)

• पश्याम (paśyāma) - we see, we behold

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, in this way)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāma, the son of Raghu (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, referring to Rāma))

Words meanings and morphology

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of śru

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice. Reduplicated root.

Root: śru (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (plural is implied from context) (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, statement

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Can also be nominative singular; here, it functions as the object of 'heard', suggesting an accusative meaning 'speech' or 'words'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those people (standing) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the people standing and speaking.

वृन्दम् (vṛndam) - used adverbially, 'group by group' (group, multitude)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛnda

vṛnda - group, multitude, flock, collection

Note: Adverbial usage, 'group by group'.

वृन्दम् (vṛndam) - used adverbially, 'group by group' (group, multitude)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛnda

vṛnda - group, multitude, flock, collection

Note: Adverbial usage, 'group by group'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

तिष्ठताम् (tiṣṭhatām) - of those standing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, staying, remaining

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

हताः (hatāḥ) - we are ruined (by sorrow or misfortune) (ruined, destroyed, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, ruined, destroyed, helpless

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied subject 'we'.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

Particle

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Emphatic particle.

ये (ye) - we who (are in this situation) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb paśyāma.

इह (iha) - here, at this time/place (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place/time.

पश्याम (paśyāma) - we see, we behold

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of dṛś

Present Active

1st person plural, Present tense, active voice. The root dṛś takes the stem paśya in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāma, the son of Raghu (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, referring to Rāma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, scion of Raghu (an epithet for Rāma)

Patronymic from Raghu.

Note: Object of the verb paśyāma.