वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-20

स प्रविश्याष्टमीं कक्ष्यां राजानं दीनमातुलम् ।
पुत्रशोकपरिद्यूनमपश्यत् पाण्डरे गृहे ॥२०॥

20. sa praviśyāṣṭamīṃ kakṣyāṃ rājānaṃ dīnamātulam ,
putraśokaparidyūnamapaśyat pāṇḍare gṛhe.

20. sa praviśya aṣṭamīm kakṣyām rājānam dīnam
ātulam putraśokaparidyūnam apaśyat pāṇḍare gṛhe

20. saḥ aṣṭamīm kakṣyām praviśya dīnam ātulam
putraśokaparidyūnam rājānam pāṇḍare gṛhe apaśyat

20. Having entered the eighth chamber, he saw the king, who was distressed and afflicted, completely overwhelmed by sorrow for his son, within the pale dwelling.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, after entering

• अष्टमीम् (aṣṭamīm) - the eighth

• कक्ष्याम् (kakṣyām) - chamber, room, apartment

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed, miserable, wretched

• आतुलम् (ātulam) - afflicted, distressed, sick

• पुत्रशोकपरिद्यूनम् (putraśokaparidyūnam) - extremely distressed by sorrow for his son

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

• पाण्डरे (pāṇḍare) - in the pale, whitish

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, in the chamber

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Pronoun base 'tad', Nominative singular masculine.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, after entering

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive from prefix pra- (प्र) and root √viś (विश्).

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

अष्टमीम् (aṣṭamīm) - the eighth

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aṣṭamī

aṣṭamī - eighth

Ordinal numeral 'eighth'.

कक्ष्याम् (kakṣyām) - chamber, room, apartment

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kakṣyā

kakṣyā - chamber, room, apartment, inner apartment

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed, miserable, wretched

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, wretched, afflicted

Past Passive Participle of √dī 'to pine'.

Root: dī (class 4)

आतुलम् (ātulam) - afflicted, distressed, sick

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātula

ātula - afflicted, distressed, unwell

Possibly a variant of ātura (आतुर) 'afflicted' or less commonly 'unequalled' if a-tula. Context suggests 'afflicted'.

पुत्रशोकपरिद्यूनम् (putraśokaparidyūnam) - extremely distressed by sorrow for his son

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśokaparidyūna

putraśokaparidyūna - extremely distressed by sorrow for his son

Compound: putra-śoka-paridyūna.

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka+paridyūna)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• paridyūna – extremely distressed, exhausted, worn out
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from pari- (परि) + √dyū (द्यु).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: dyū (class 1)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root √dṛś (दृश्), 1st class, Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd singular.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डरे (pāṇḍare) - in the pale, whitish

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pāṇḍara

pāṇḍara - pale, whitish, yellowish-white

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, in the chamber

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, abode, dwelling