वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-1

कथयित्वा सुदुःखार्तः सुमन्त्रेण चिरं सह ।
रामे दक्षिण कूलस्थे जगाम स्वगृहं गुहः ॥१॥

1. kathayitvā suduḥkhārtaḥ sumantreṇa ciraṃ saha ,
rāme dakṣiṇa kūlasthe jagāma svagṛhaṃ guhaḥ.

1. kathayitvā suduḥkhārtaḥ sumantreṇa ciram saha
rāme dakṣiṇa kūlasthe jagāma svagṛham guhaḥ

1. guhaḥ suduḥkhārtaḥ sumantreṇa saha ciram
kathayitvā rāme dakṣiṇa kūlasthe svagṛham jagāma

1. Guha, deeply afflicted with sorrow, spoke for a long time with Sumantra, and then, while Rama remained on the southern bank, he returned to his own home.

Words meanings summery:

• कथयित्वा (kathayitvā) - having spoken, having told

• सुदुःखार्तः (suduḥkhārtaḥ) - deeply pained, greatly afflicted by sorrow

• सुमन्त्रेण (sumantreṇa) - with Sumantra (Rama's minister) (with Sumantra)

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• रामे (rāme) - while Rama was (on the south bank) (in Rama, on Rama)

• दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa) - southern, right

• कूलस्थे (kūlasthe) - situated on the bank

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went

• स्वगृहम् (svagṛham) - to his own house

• गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha, the king of the Niṣādas (Guha (name of the king of Nishadas))

Words meanings and morphology

कथयित्वा (kathayitvā) - having spoken, having told

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from causal stem of root kath (10th class)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Absolutive verb form.

सुदुःखार्तः (suduḥkhārtaḥ) - deeply pained, greatly afflicted by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhārta

suduḥkhārta - greatly distressed, deeply grieved

from su (very) + duḥkha (sorrow) + ārta (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duḥkha+ārta)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ṛ (to go) with ā (to reach)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Adjective describing Guha.

सुमन्त्रेण (sumantreṇa) - with Sumantra (Rama's minister) (with Sumantra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name of a minister), good counsel

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mantra)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• mantra – counsel, sacred word (mantra)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Refers to Rama's charioteer and minister.

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb of time.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Takes instrumental case.

रामे (rāme) - while Rama was (on the south bank) (in Rama, on Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the prince)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

दक्षिण (dakṣiṇa) - southern, right

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful

Note: Modifies kūlasthe.

कूलस्थे (kūlasthe) - situated on the bank

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kūlastha

kūlastha - situated on the bank

from kūla (bank) + stha (standing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kūla+stha)

• kūla – bank (of a river), shore
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, agreeing with rāme.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Reduplicated perfect form.

स्वगृहम् (svagṛham) - to his own house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svagṛha

svagṛha - one's own house/home

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+gṛha)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (neuter)
• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of motion.

गुहः (guhaḥ) - Guha, the king of the Niṣādas (Guha (name of the king of Nishadas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guha

guha - Guha (name of the king of Nishadas), cave, secret

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Subject of jagāma.