वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-17

सह रामेण निर्यातो विना राममिहागतः ।
सूतः किं नाम कौसल्यां शोचन्तीं प्रतिवक्ष्यति ॥१७॥

17. saha rāmeṇa niryāto vinā rāmamihāgataḥ ,
sūtaḥ kiṃ nāma kausalyāṃ śocantīṃ prativakṣyati.

17. saha rāmeṇa niryātaḥ vinā rāmam iha āgataḥ
sūtaḥ kim nāma kausalyām śocantīm prativakṣyati

17. saha rāmeṇa niryātaḥ rāmam vinā iha āgataḥ
sūtaḥ kim nāma śocantīm kausalyām prativakṣyati

17. "Having departed with Rama, and now having returned here without Rama, what indeed will the charioteer (sūta) say in reply to Kausalya, who is lamenting?"

Words meanings summery:

• सह (saha) - in company with Rama (with, along with)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - with Prince Rama (by Rama, with Rama)

• निर्यातः (niryātaḥ) - Sumantra, who departed (with Rama) (departed, gone forth, gone out)

• विना (vinā) - without the presence of Rama (without, except)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Prince Rama (Rama)

• इह (iha) - to this place (Ayodhya) (here, in this world)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - Sumantra, who has returned (to Ayodhya) (arrived, come, returned)

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sumantra, the royal charioteer (charioteer, bard, carpenter)

• किम् (kim) - what (question word) (what, why, whether)

• नाम (nāma) - an emphatic particle, 'indeed' or 'then' (indeed, by name, truly, what then)

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Queen Kausalya, mother of Rama (Kausalya)

• शोचन्तीम् (śocantīm) - Kausalya, who is in a state of lamentation (lamenting, grieving, sorrowing)

• प्रतिवक्ष्यति (prativakṣyati) - Sumantra will answer (Kausalya's questions) (will reply, will speak in return)

Words meanings and morphology

सह (saha) - in company with Rama (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial preposition.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - with Prince Rama (by Rama, with Rama)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity, prince of Ayodhya)

Note: Governed by saha.

निर्यातः (niryātaḥ) - Sumantra, who departed (with Rama) (departed, gone forth, gone out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niryāta

niryāta - gone out, departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

from root √yā (to go) with prefix nis (or nir)

Prefix: nis

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Sumantra.

विना (vinā) - without the presence of Rama (without, except)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial preposition.

रामम् (rāmam) - Prince Rama (Rama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity, prince of Ayodhya)

Note: Governed by vinā.

इह (iha) - to this place (Ayodhya) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - Sumantra, who has returned (to Ayodhya) (arrived, come, returned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned

Past Passive Participle

from root √gam (to go) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Sumantra.

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sumantra, the royal charioteer (charioteer, bard, carpenter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer; bard; carpenter

Root: sū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (question word) (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? who? which?; why?; whether

Note: Functions as the interrogative object here.

नाम (nāma) - an emphatic particle, 'indeed' or 'then' (indeed, by name, truly, what then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Queen Kausalya, mother of Rama (Kausalya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (name of one of Dasaratha's wives, Rama's mother)

Note: Direct object of prativakṣyati.

शोचन्तीम् (śocantīm) - Kausalya, who is in a state of lamentation (lamenting, grieving, sorrowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

from root √śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, feminine, agreeing with kausalyām.

प्रतिवक्ष्यति (prativakṣyati) - Sumantra will answer (Kausalya's questions) (will reply, will speak in return)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of prativac

Future Tense (Lṛṭ Lakāra)

from root √vac (to speak) with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the question.