वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-25

इमं तस्य महाभाग दूतं दुष्करकारिणः ।
वनवासादनुप्राप्तं कस्मान्न प्रतिभाषसे ॥२५॥

25. imaṃ tasya mahābhāga dūtaṃ duṣkarakāriṇaḥ ,
vanavāsādanuprāptaṃ kasmānna pratibhāṣase.

25. imam tasya mahābhāga dūtam duṣkarakāriṇaḥ
vanavāsāt anuprāptam kasmāt na pratibhāṣase

25. mahābhāga,
kasmāt na tasya duṣkarakāriṇaḥ vanavāsāt anuprāptam imam dūtam pratibhāṣase?

25. O revered one (mahābhāga), why do you not reply to this messenger, who has come back from his forest dwelling (vanavāsa), and who is sent by that great doer of difficult deeds?

Words meanings summery:

• इमम् (imam) - this

• तस्य (tasya) - of Rama (of him, his)

• महाभाग (mahābhāga) - Addressing the king (Dasharatha) (O revered one, O great-souled one, O fortunate one)

• दूतम् (dūtam) - messenger, envoy

• दुष्करकारिणः (duṣkarakāriṇaḥ) - of Rama, who accomplished difficult tasks (like killing demons) (of the one who performed difficult deeds, of the difficult-doer)

• वनवासात् (vanavāsāt) - from forest dwelling, from exile in the forest

• अनुप्राप्तम् (anuprāptam) - arrived, returned

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रतिभाषसे (pratibhāṣase) - you speak in reply, you answer

Words meanings and morphology

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Qualifies `dūtam`.

तस्य (tasya) - of Rama (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama. Dependent on `dūtam`.

महाभाग (mahābhāga) - Addressing the king (Dasharatha) (O revered one, O great-souled one, O fortunate one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - great-souled, noble, revered, fortunate

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bhāga – share, fortune, destiny, portion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used to address the king.

दूतम् (dūtam) - messenger, envoy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, ambassador

Note: Object of `pratibhāṣase`.

दुष्करकारिणः (duṣkarakāriṇaḥ) - of Rama, who accomplished difficult tasks (like killing demons) (of the one who performed difficult deeds, of the difficult-doer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duṣkarakārin

duṣkarakārin - one who performs difficult deeds, difficult-doer

Agent noun from duṣkara (difficult) + kṛ (to do).

Compound type : upapada (duṣkara+kārin)

• duṣkara – difficult to do, arduous
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) with upasarga dus-.
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix -in
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies `tasya`, referring to Rama.

वनवासात् (vanavāsāt) - from forest dwelling, from exile in the forest

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - forest dwelling, exile in the forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Indicates source of arrival for the messenger.

अनुप्राप्तम् (anuprāptam) - arrived, returned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - arrived, reached, obtained, returned

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain) with upasargas anu-pra-.

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `dūtam`.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रतिभाषसे (pratibhāṣase) - you speak in reply, you answer

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

From root bhāṣ (to speak) with upasarga prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Present second person singular, middle voice.