वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-51, verse-3

स वनानि सुगन्धीनि सरितश्च सरांसि च ।
पश्यन्नतिययौ शीघ्रं ग्रामाणि नगराणि च ॥३॥

3. sa vanāni sugandhīni saritaśca sarāṃsi ca ,
paśyannatiyayau śīghraṃ grāmāṇi nagarāṇi ca.

3. sa vanāni sugandhīni saritaḥ ca sarāṃsi ca
paśyan atiyayau śīghram grāmāṇi nagarāṇi ca

3. sa sugandhīni vanāni ca saritaḥ ca sarāṃsi ca
grāmāṇi ca nagarāṇi ca paśyan śīghram atiyayau

3. He swiftly passed by forests with their fragrance, and rivers, and lakes, as well as villages and cities.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods

• सुगन्धीनि (sugandhīni) - fragrant

• सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers

• च (ca) - and

• सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes, ponds

• च (ca) - and

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, while seeing

• अतिययौ (atiyayau) - passed by, crossed

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• ग्रामाणि (grāmāṇi) - villages

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

सुगन्धीनि (sugandhīni) - fragrant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sugandhin

sugandhin - fragrant, odorous, having a good smell

Derived from su + gandha + ini (possessive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+gandha)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• gandha – smell, fragrance, odor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gandh (class 1)

सरितः (saritaḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarit

sarit - river, stream

Root: sṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सरांसि (sarāṁsi) - lakes, ponds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool

Root: sṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, while seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see), present stem paśya, suffix śatṛ

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अतिययौ (atiyayau) - passed by, crossed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of atiyā

Perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular of √i (to go) with prefix ati

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Used as an adverb here

Note: Adverbial usage of the adjective

ग्रामाणि (grāmāṇi) - villages

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of grāma

grāma - village, community, multitude

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities, towns

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)