वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-40, verse-30

एवं विक्रोशतां तेषां द्विजातीनां निवर्तने ।
ददृशे तमसा तत्र वारयन्तीव राघवम् ॥३०॥

30. evaṃ vikrośatāṃ teṣāṃ dvijātīnāṃ nivartane ,
dadṛśe tamasā tatra vārayantīva rāghavam.

30. evam vikrośatām teṣām dvijātīnām nivartane
dadṛśe tamasā tatra vārayantī iva rāghavam

30. evam teṣām dvijātīnām vikrośatām nivartane
tatra tamasā rāghavam vārayantī iva dadṛśe

30. While those twice-born (dvijāti) were thus crying out for his return, the Tamasā [river] was seen there, as if restraining Rāghava (Rāma).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, like this

• विक्रोशताम् (vikrośatām) - of those crying out, of those wailing

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those, of them

• द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the brāhmaṇas/people (of the twice-born)

• निवर्तने (nivartane) - at the point of his return (referring to Rāma) (at the turning back, at the stopping, at the return)

• ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen

• तमसा (tamasā) - the Tamasā river

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• वारयन्ती (vārayantī) - restraining, holding back

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, like this

(indeclinable)

विक्रोशताम् (vikrośatām) - of those crying out, of those wailing

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vikrośat

vikrośat - crying out, wailing, shouting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `kruś` (to cry out) with prefix `vi-`

Prefix: vi

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the `dvijātīnām`

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those, of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with `vikrośatām dvijātīnām`

द्विजातीनाम् (dvijātīnām) - of the brāhmaṇas/people (of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (a member of the first three varṇas, especially a brāhmaṇa); bird; tooth

Compound of `dvi` (twice) and `jāti` (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin; born
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the citizens (brāhmaṇas) of Ayodhyā.

निवर्तने (nivartane) - at the point of his return (referring to Rāma) (at the turning back, at the stopping, at the return)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nivartana

nivartana - turning back, returning, stopping, obstruction

action noun

Derived from root `vṛt` (to turn) with prefix `ni-`

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Can also mean "at the place of stopping".

ददृशे (dadṛśe) - was seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect, Ātmanepada

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject being "tamasā" (nominative feminine singular).

तमसा (tamasā) - the Tamasā river

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tamasā

tamasā - name of a river

Note: Subject of `dadṛśe`.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

वारयन्ती (vārayantī) - restraining, holding back

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vārayantī

vārayantī - restraining, preventing, holding back

Present Active Participle

Derived from causal of root `vṛ` (to cover, choose) / `vṛj` (to avoid, prevent); Causal stem `vāraya-`

Root: vṛ (class 10)

Note: Feminine form, agrees with `tamasā`.

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; an epithet of Rāma

Derived from Raghu with `aṇ` suffix (descendant)

Note: Object of `vārayantī`.