वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-40, verse-28

अनुगंतुमशक्तास्त्वां मूलैरुद्धृतवेगिभिः ।
उन्नता वायुवेगेन विक्रोशन्तीव पादपाः ॥२८॥

28. anugaṃtumaśaktāstvāṃ mūlairuddhṛtavegibhiḥ ,
unnatā vāyuvegena vikrośantīva pādapāḥ.

28. anugantum aśaktāḥ tvām mūlaiḥ uddhṛtavegibhiḥ
unnatāḥ vāyuvegena vikrośanti iva pādapāḥ

28. pādapāḥ vāyuvegena unnatāḥ mūlaiḥ uddhṛtavegibhiḥ
tvām anugantum aśaktāḥ vikrośanti iva

28. The trees (pādapa), elevated by the force of the wind, with their roots (mūla) swiftly being uprooted, are as if crying out, unable to follow you.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुगन्तुम् (anugantum) - to follow, to go after

• अशक्ताः (aśaktāḥ) - unable, powerless

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• मूलैः (mūlaiḥ) - by roots

• उद्धृतवेगिभिः (uddhṛtavegibhiḥ) - by those having uprooted swiftness / by those with roots swiftly uprooted

• उन्नताः (unnatāḥ) - elevated, raised, high

• वायुवेगेन (vāyuvegena) - by the force of the wind, by the speed of the wind

• विक्रोशन्ति (vikrośanti) - they cry out, they wail

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• पादपाः (pādapāḥ) - trees

Words meanings and morphology

अनुगन्तुम् (anugantum) - to follow, to go after

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From anu-gam (to go) + tumun suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose, 'to follow'.

अशक्ताः (aśaktāḥ) - unable, powerless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśakta

aśakta - unable, powerless, incapable

Negative particle 'a' + śakta (capable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śakta – capable, able
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śak (to be able)
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with pādapāḥ.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of anugantum.

मूलैः (mūlaiḥ) - by roots

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mūla

mūla - root, base, origin, foundation

Note: Instrumental, 'by means of roots'.

उद्धृतवेगिभिः (uddhṛtavegibhiḥ) - by those having uprooted swiftness / by those with roots swiftly uprooted

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of uddhṛtavegin

uddhṛtavegin - having uprooted speed/swiftness, with swiftly uprooted (roots)

Compound: uddhṛta (uprooted, P.P.P.) + vegin (swift, having speed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (uddhṛta+vegin)

• uddhṛta – uprooted, lifted, raised
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ud-hṛ (to lift, raise)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• vegin – swift, rapid, having speed, quick
  adjective (masculine)
  From vega (speed) + in (possessive suffix)

Note: Adjective modifying mūlaiḥ.

उन्नताः (unnatāḥ) - elevated, raised, high

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of unnata

unnata - raised, high, elevated, exalted

Past Passive Participle

From ud-nam (to bend upwards, rise)

Prefix: ud

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pādapāḥ.

वायुवेगेन (vāyuvegena) - by the force of the wind, by the speed of the wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyuvega

vāyuvega - force of the wind, speed of the wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+vega)

• vāyu – wind, air, vital breath
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  From root vij (to move quickly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Instrumental indicating agency.

विक्रोशन्ति (vikrośanti) - they cry out, they wail

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vikruś

Present Indicative

From vi-kruś (to cry)

Prefix: vi

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the simile.

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

पादपाः (pādapāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pādapa

pādapa - tree (lit. 'foot-drinker')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pāda+pa)

• pāda – foot, root, ray
  noun (masculine)
• pa – drinking, drinker, protector
  adjective (masculine)
  From root pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.