वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-40, verse-15

एवमार्तप्रलापांस्तान् वृद्धान्प्रलपतो द्विजान् ।
अवेक्ष्य सहसा रामो रथादवततार ह ॥१५॥

15. evamārtapralāpāṃstān vṛddhānpralapato dvijān ,
avekṣya sahasā rāmo rathādavatatāra ha.

15. evam ārtapralāpān tān vṛddhān pralapataḥ dvijān
avekṣya sahasā rāmaḥ rathāt avatatāra ha

15. evam ārtapralāpān tān vṛddhān pralapataḥ dvijān
avekṣya rāmaḥ sahasā rathāt avatatāra ha

15. Seeing those old Brahmins, distressed by their cries, lamenting in such a manner, Rama suddenly descended from the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in such a manner, thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• आर्तप्रलापान् (ārtapralāpān) - distressed by their cries (lamentations of the distressed, cries of anguish)

• तान् (tān) - those

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - old (old, aged)

• प्रलपतः (pralapataḥ) - lamenting (lamenting, crying out)

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins (Brahmins, twice-born)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (the prince) (Rama)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अवततार (avatatāra) - descended (descended, dismounted)

• ह (ha) - (narrative particle, untranslated for fluency) (indeed, surely, verily (particle))

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in such a manner, thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

आर्तप्रलापान् (ārtapralāpān) - distressed by their cries (lamentations of the distressed, cries of anguish)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ārtapralāpa

ārtapralāpa - lamentation of the distressed, mournful cry, wailing in pain

Compound type : tatpurusha (ārta+pralāpa)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛt' (to pain, suffer)
  Root: ṛt
• pralāpa – lamentation, incoherent talk, wailing
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` (prefix) + `lap` (to speak)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Accusative, modifying `dvijān`.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - old (old, aged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛdh` (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

प्रलपतः (pralapataḥ) - lamenting (lamenting, crying out)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pralapat

pralapat - lamenting, wailing, speaking incoherently

Present Active Participle

From `pra` (prefix) + `lap` (to speak, wail)

Prefix: pra

Root: lap (class 1)

द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins (Brahmins, twice-born)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth, snake

From `dvi` (two) + `ja` (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - seeing (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From `ava` (prefix) + `īkṣ` (to see) + `lyap` suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, quickly, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of `sahas` (force, power), used as an adverb.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (the prince) (Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ram` (to delight) or `rā` (to give) with `tha` suffix; or from `ṛ` (to go).

Root: ram

अवततार (avatatāra) - descended (descended, dismounted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of avatṛ

Perfect Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person Singular

From `ava` (prefix) + `tṛ` (to cross, go beyond)

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

ह (ha) - (narrative particle, untranslated for fluency) (indeed, surely, verily (particle))

(indeclinable)