वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-40, verse-14

वहन्तो जवना रामं भो भो जात्यास्तुरंगमाः ।
निवर्तध्वं न गन्तव्यं हिता भवत भर्तरि ।
उपवाह्यस्तु वो भर्ता नापवाह्यः पुराद्वनम् ॥१४॥

14. vahanto javanā rāmaṃ bho bho jātyāsturaṃgamāḥ ,
nivartadhvaṃ na gantavyaṃ hitā bhavata bhartari ,
upavāhyastu vo bhartā nāpavāhyaḥ purādvanam.

14. vahantaḥ javanāḥ rāmam bho bho jātyāḥ
turaṅgamāḥ nivartadhvam na gantavyam
hitāḥ bhavata bhartari upavāhyaḥ
tu vaḥ bhartā na apavāhyaḥ purāt vanam

14. bho bho jātyāḥ javanāḥ turaṅgamāḥ
rāmam vahantaḥ nivartadhvam na gantavyam
bhartari hitāḥ bhavata vaḥ bhartā
tu upavāhyaḥ purāt vanam na apavāhyaḥ

14. O swift, noble horses, carrying Rama! Turn back! You must not proceed. Be devoted to your master. Your master is to be carried [back], not carried away from the city into the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• वहन्तः (vahantaḥ) - carrying (carrying, bearing, conveying)

• जवनाः (javanāḥ) - swift (swift, quick, fast)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (the prince) (Rama)

• भो (bho) - O (O, alas (vocative particle))

• भो (bho) - O (O, alas (vocative particle))

• जात्याः (jātyāḥ) - of noble breed (of noble birth/breed, excellent)

• तुरङ्गमाः (turaṅgamāḥ) - horses

• निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back (turn back, return)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• गन्तव्यम् (gantavyam) - should be gone, proper to go (to be gone, should be gone)

• हिताः (hitāḥ) - devoted (beneficial, devoted, well-disposed)

• भवत (bhavata) - be (be, become)

• भर्तरि (bhartari) - to your master (in the master, regarding the master)

• उपवाह्यः (upavāhyaḥ) - to be carried (back) (to be conveyed, to be carried (back to a place, or near))

• तु (tu) - indeed, just (but, indeed, however)

• वः (vaḥ) - your (your, to you (plural), by you)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - master (master, supporter)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अपवाह्यः (apavāhyaḥ) - to be carried away (to be carried away, to be removed)

• पुरात् (purāt) - from the city

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood)

Words meanings and morphology

वहन्तः (vahantaḥ) - carrying (carrying, bearing, conveying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vahant

vahant - carrying, bearing, conveying

Present Active Participle

From verb `vah` (to carry)

Root: vah (class 1)

जवनाः (javanāḥ) - swift (swift, quick, fast)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of javana

javana - swift, quick, fast

From root `jū` (to be quick, to move)

Root: jū

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (the prince) (Rama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

भो (bho) - O (O, alas (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

भो (bho) - O (O, alas (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

जात्याः (jātyāḥ) - of noble breed (of noble birth/breed, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jātya

jātya - belonging to a family or class, well-born, noble, excellent

From `jāti` (birth, family, species) + `ya` suffix.

Root: jan

तुरङ्गमाः (turaṅgamāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of turaṅgama

turaṅgama - horse (literally 'going quickly')

From `tūra` (quick) + `gam` (to go)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tūra+gama)

• tūra – quick, swift
  adjective (masculine)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back (turn back, return)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of nivart

Imperative, Middle Voice, 2nd Person Plural

From `ni` (prefix) + `vṛt` (to turn, exist)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गन्तव्यम् (gantavyam) - should be gone, proper to go (to be gone, should be gone)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gantavya

gantavya - to be gone, should be gone, fit to be gone

Gerundive

From root `gam` (to go) + `tavya` suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

हिताः (hitāḥ) - devoted (beneficial, devoted, well-disposed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hita

hita - placed, fixed, beneficial, kind, suitable, devoted

Past Passive Participle

From root `dhā` (to place, put)

Root: dhā (class 3)

भवत (bhavata) - be (be, become)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative, Active Voice, 2nd Person Plural

From root `bhū` (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

भर्तरि (bhartari) - to your master (in the master, regarding the master)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, maintainer, lord, master, husband

Agent Noun

From root `bhṛ` (to bear, support) + `tṛ` suffix

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: The locative case here implies 'towards' or 'regarding' the master, hence 'to your master' in translation.

उपवाह्यः (upavāhyaḥ) - to be carried (back) (to be conveyed, to be carried (back to a place, or near))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upavāhya

upavāhya - to be brought near, to be conveyed, to be carried

Gerundive

From `upa` (prefix) + `vah` (to carry) + `ṇyat` suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: vah (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed, just (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

वः (vaḥ) - your (your, to you (plural), by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (plural)

भर्ता (bhartā) - master (master, supporter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, maintainer, lord, master, husband

Agent Noun

From root `bhṛ` (to bear, support) + `tṛ` suffix

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अपवाह्यः (apavāhyaḥ) - to be carried away (to be carried away, to be removed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apavāhya

apavāhya - to be carried away, to be removed, to be driven off

Gerundive

From `apa` (prefix) + `vah` (to carry) + `ṇyat` suffix

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

पुरात् (purāt) - from the city

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water, desire

Note: Accusative indicating destination.