वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-40, verse-13

ते द्विजास्त्रिविधं वृद्धा ज्ञानेन वयसौजसा ।
वयःप्रकम्पशिरसो दूरादूचुरिदं वचः ॥१३॥

13. te dvijāstrividhaṃ vṛddhā jñānena vayasaujasā ,
vayaḥprakampaśiraso dūrādūcuridaṃ vacaḥ.

13. te dvijāḥ trividham vṛddhāḥ jñānena vayasā
ojasā vayaḥprakampaśirasaḥ dūrāt ūcuḥ idam vacaḥ

13. te dvijāḥ jñānena vayasā ojasā trividham vṛddhāḥ
vayaḥprakampaśirasaḥ dūrāt idam vacaḥ ūcuḥ

13. Those twice-born (dvija) individuals, grown old in three respects – through knowledge, age, and vigor – with heads trembling from advanced age, spoke these words from a distance.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born (dvija) individuals, i.e., Brahmins (twice-born (Brahmins))

• त्रिविधम् (trividham) - in three respects (in three ways, threefold)

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old, grown, aged

• ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge

• वयसा (vayasā) - by age

• ओजसा (ojasā) - by vigor, by spiritual power, by energy

• वयःप्रकम्पशिरसः (vayaḥprakampaśirasaḥ) - whose heads trembled from old age

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke, they said

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - twice-born (dvija) individuals, i.e., Brahmins (twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

त्रिविधम् (trividham) - in three respects (in three ways, threefold)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+vidha)

• tri – three
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old, grown, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

ज्ञानेन (jñānena) - by knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, perception

Root: jñā (class 9)

वयसा (vayasā) - by age

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, vigor, strength, youth

ओजसा (ojasā) - by vigor, by spiritual power, by energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ojas

ojas - vigor, strength, energy, spiritual power, bodily essence

वयःप्रकम्पशिरसः (vayaḥprakampaśirasaḥ) - whose heads trembled from old age

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vayaḥprakampaśiras

vayaḥprakampaśiras - having heads trembling from old age

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vayas+prakampa+śiras)

• vayas – age, vigor
  noun (neuter)
• prakampa – trembling, shaking
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kamp' with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kamp (class 1)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke, they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice, saying