वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-23, verse-33

औरसानपि पुत्रान् हि त्यजन्त्यहितकारिणः ।
समर्थान् संप्रगृह्णन्ति जनानपि नराधिपाः ॥३३॥

33. aurasānapi putrān hi tyajantyahitakāriṇaḥ ,
samarthān saṃpragṛhṇanti janānapi narādhipāḥ.

33. aurasān api putrān hi tyajanti ahitakāriṇaḥ
samarthān saṃpragṛhṇanti janān api narādhipāḥ

33. narādhipāḥ hi ahitakāriṇaḥ aurasān api putrān
tyajanti samarthān janān api saṃpragṛhṇanti

33. Kings indeed abandon even their own legitimate sons if they cause harm. Conversely, they adopt and accept even unrelated individuals who are capable.

Words meanings summery:

• औरसान् (aurasān) - one's own legitimate (sons) (legitimate, born from one's own loins)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (sons, children)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because, for)

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon (they abandon, they renounce, they give up)

• अहितकारिणः (ahitakāriṇaḥ) - those who cause harm (those who do harm, injurious, hostile)

• समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable ones (capable, able, competent; wealthy, strong)

• संप्रगृह्णन्ति (saṁpragṛhṇanti) - they accept, they adopt (they accept, they take up, they adopt, they take hold of)

• जनान् (janān) - people (strangers) (people, men, folk)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers, lords of men)

Words meanings and morphology

औरसान् (aurasān) - one's own legitimate (sons) (legitimate, born from one's own loins)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aurasa

aurasa - legitimate son; born of one's own loins; related to the breast/chest

Derived from uras (chest/breast), referring to a child born from the natural union.

Note: Modifies 'putrān'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of the verb 'tyajanti'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon (they abandon, they renounce, they give up)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

present active

Third person plural, present indicative, Parasmaipada.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied 'narādhipāḥ'.

अहितकारिणः (ahitakāriṇaḥ) - those who cause harm (those who do harm, injurious, hostile)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ahitakārin

ahitakārin - doing harm, injurious, hostile; an enemy

agent noun derived from 'hita-kāra' (doing good) with 'a' negative prefix

Noun/adjective formed from 'ahita' (not beneficial) and 'kārin' (doer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+hita+kārin)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• hita – beneficial, good, welfare, advantage
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place) with prefix hi, meaning 'placed, suitable, beneficial'.
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -in.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Accusative plural, modifies 'putrān'.

समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable ones (capable, able, competent; wealthy, strong)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samartha

samartha - capable, able, competent; appropriate, significant

From 'sam' (together, with) + 'artha' (purpose, meaning, power).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sam+artha)

• sam – together, with, completely
  prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'saṃpragṛhṇanti'.

संप्रगृह्णन्ति (saṁpragṛhṇanti) - they accept, they adopt (they accept, they take up, they adopt, they take hold of)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of saṃpragrah

present active

Third person plural, present indicative, Parasmaipada. Formed with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra' from root 'grah'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject is 'narādhipāḥ'.

जनान् (janān) - people (strangers) (people, men, folk)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, creature, people

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'saṃpragṛhṇanti'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings (kings, rulers, lords of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, sovereign (lord of men)

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, master, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' (over, upon) + 'pa' (protector, ruler, from root 'pā' to protect/rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

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