वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-23, verse-22

चतुर्दश हि वर्षाणि वस्तव्यं दण्डके मया ।
पित्रा मे भरतश्चापि यौवराज्ये नियोजितः ।
सो ऽहं त्वामागतो द्रष्टुं प्रस्थितो विजनं वनम् ॥२२॥

22. caturdaśa hi varṣāṇi vastavyaṃ daṇḍake mayā ,
pitrā me bharataścāpi yauvarājye niyojitaḥ ,
so'haṃ tvāmāgato draṣṭuṃ prasthito vijanaṃ vanam.

22. caturdaśa hi varṣāṇi vastavyam daṇḍake
mayā pitrā me bharataḥ ca api
yauvarājye niyojitaḥ saḥ aham tvām
āgataḥ draṣṭum prasthitaḥ vijanam vanam

22. hi caturdaśa varṣāṇi mayā daṇḍake vastavyam ca api me pitrā bharataḥ yauvarājye niyojitaḥ saḥ aham tvām draṣṭum āgataḥ prasthitaḥ vijanam vanam ।

22. Indeed, fourteen years must be spent by me in Daṇḍaka. And Bharata, too, has been appointed to the heir-apparentship by my father. Therefore, I, having come to see you, am now setting out for the desolate forest.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rainy seasons)

• वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - to be dwelt, must be lived

• दण्डके (daṇḍake) - in the Daṇḍaka forest (in Daṇḍaka)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (Dasaratha) (by father)

• मे (me) - my, of me

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• यौवराज्ये (yauvarājye) - in the heir-apparentship, in the position of crown prince

• नियोजितः (niyojitaḥ) - appointed, assigned, enjoined

• सः (saḥ) - therefore I (that, he)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see

• प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - set out, departed, gone forth

• विजनम् (vijanam) - solitary, desolate, without people

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्दश (caturdaśa) - fourteen

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of caturdaśa

caturdaśa - fourteen

Note: Agrees with 'varṣāṇi'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rainy seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rainy season, rain

वस्तव्यम् (vastavyam) - to be dwelt, must be lived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastavya

vastavya - to be dwelt, habitable, suitable for dwelling

Gerundive

Derived from root √vas (to dwell).

Root: vas (class 1)

दण्डके (daṇḍake) - in the Daṇḍaka forest (in Daṇḍaka)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of daṇḍaka

daṇḍaka - name of a forest and region in ancient India

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent of the gerundive 'vastavyam'.

पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (Dasaratha) (by father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent of 'niyojitaḥ'.

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive, refers to 'father'.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name of Rāma's brother), actor

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

यौवराज्ये (yauvarājye) - in the heir-apparentship, in the position of crown prince

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yauvarājya

yauvarājya - heir-apparentship, condition of crown prince

Derived from yuvan (youth, prince) + rājan (king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuvan+rājan)

• yuvan – youth, young man, prince
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

नियोजितः (niyojitaḥ) - appointed, assigned, enjoined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyojita

niyojita - appointed, assigned, enjoined, commanded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yuj (to join, to appoint) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'bharataḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - therefore I (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an emphatic or connecting particle here, referring to 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see

(noun)

of draṣṭum

draṣṭum - to see, to perceive

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as an object of purpose.

प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - set out, departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - set out, departed, gone forth, started

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sthā (to stand) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

विजनम् (vijanam) - solitary, desolate, without people

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vijana

vijana - solitary, desolate, without people, empty

Compound of vi (without) + jana (people).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (vi+jana)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vanam'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water, desire

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