वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-23, verse-14

चतुर्भिर्वेगसंपन्नैर्हयैः काञ्चनभूषणैः ।
मुख्यः पुष्यरथो युक्तः किं न गच्छति ते ऽग्रतः ॥१४॥

14. caturbhirvegasaṃpannairhayaiḥ kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ ,
mukhyaḥ puṣyaratho yuktaḥ kiṃ na gacchati te'grataḥ.

14. caturbhiḥ vega-saṃpannaiḥ hayaiḥ kāñcana-bhūṣaṇaiḥ
mukhyaḥ puṣyarathaḥ yuktaḥ kim na gacchati te agrataḥ

14. caturbhiḥ vegasaṃpannaiḥ kāñcanabhūṣaṇaiḥ hayaiḥ
yuktaḥ mukhyaḥ puṣyarathaḥ te agrataḥ kim na gacchati

14. Why does your chief Puṣya chariot, yoked with four swift horses adorned with gold, not go in front of you?

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four

• वेग-संपन्नैः (vega-saṁpannaiḥ) - swift (endowed with speed, swift)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• काञ्चन-भूषणैः (kāñcana-bhūṣaṇaiḥ) - adorned with gold (adorned with gold, gold-ornamented)

• मुख्यः (mukhyaḥ) - chief (chief, principal, foremost)

• पुष्यरथः (puṣyarathaḥ) - Puṣya chariot (Puṣya chariot (a specific type of chariot or one named Puṣya))

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - yoked, equipped (yoked, joined, equipped, engaged, appropriate)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• गच्छति (gacchati) - goes (goes, walks, moves)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you, by you)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (in front, ahead, before)

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with hayaiḥ.

वेग-संपन्नैः (vega-saṁpannaiḥ) - swift (endowed with speed, swift)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vega-saṃpanna

vega-saṁpanna - endowed with speed, swift

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vega+saṃpanna)

• vega – speed, velocity, impulse, flow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vij.
  Root: vij (class 6)
• saṃpanna – endowed with, furnished with, rich in, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pad with upasarga sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with hayaiḥ.

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi (class 3)

काञ्चन-भूषणैः (kāñcana-bhūṣaṇaiḥ) - adorned with gold (adorned with gold, gold-ornamented)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāñcana-bhūṣaṇa

kāñcana-bhūṣaṇa - adorned with gold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāñcana+bhūṣaṇa)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold, gold
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from kañcana (gold).
• bhūṣaṇa – decoration, ornament, adornment
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhūṣ.
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with hayaiḥ.

मुख्यः (mukhyaḥ) - chief (chief, principal, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, foremost, primary

Note: Agrees with puṣyarathaḥ.

पुष्यरथः (puṣyarathaḥ) - Puṣya chariot (Puṣya chariot (a specific type of chariot or one named Puṣya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṣyaratha

puṣyaratha - Puṣpa chariot (flower chariot), a specific celestial chariot or one named Puṣya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṣya+ratha)

• puṣya – flower, blossom, a name (often associated with celestial chariots)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: puṣ (class 4)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ram.
  Root: ram (class 1)

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - yoked, equipped (yoked, joined, equipped, engaged, appropriate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, equipped, engaged, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with puṣyarathaḥ.

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an interrogative adverb 'why'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

गच्छति (gacchati) - goes (goes, walks, moves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

present active

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice of root gam (class 1).

Root: gam (class 1)

ते (te) - your (your, to you, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of the 2nd person pronoun.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (in front, ahead, before)

(indeclinable)

Formed from agra (front) with suffix -tas.

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