वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-23, verse-28

माता च मम कौसल्या वृद्धा संतापकर्शिता ।
धर्ममेवाग्रतः कृत्वा त्वत्तः संमानमर्हति ॥२८॥

28. mātā ca mama kausalyā vṛddhā saṃtāpakarśitā ,
dharmamevāgrataḥ kṛtvā tvattaḥ saṃmānamarhati.

28. mātā ca mama kausalyā vṛddhā saṃtāpakarśitā
dharmam eva agrataḥ kṛtvā tvattaḥ saṃmānam arhati

28. ca mama mātā kausalyā vṛddhā saṃtāpakarśitā
dharmam eva agrataḥ kṛtvā tvattaḥ saṃmānam arhati

28. And my mother Kausalya, who is aged and emaciated by sorrow, placing her intrinsic nature (dharma) foremost, deserves honor from you.

Words meanings summery:

• माता (mātā) - mother

• च (ca) - and, also

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Rama's mother (Kausalyā (name of a queen))

• वृद्धा (vṛddhā) - old, aged, grown, increased

• संतापकर्शिता (saṁtāpakarśitā) - Kausalya, emaciated by sorrow (emaciated by grief/sorrow)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - her intrinsic nature (dharma), her rightful place or conduct (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, very

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, foremost, first

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you

• संमानम् (saṁmānam) - respect, honor, reverence

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, merits, is worthy of

Words meanings and morphology

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Subject of 'arhati'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Note: Possessive adjective for 'pitā'

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Rama's mother (Kausalyā (name of a queen))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (name of one of Daśaratha's wives, mother of Rama)

Note: In apposition to 'mātā'

वृद्धा (vṛddhā) - old, aged, grown, increased

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase). Feminine nominative singular.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'Kausalyā'

संतापकर्शिता (saṁtāpakarśitā) - Kausalya, emaciated by sorrow (emaciated by grief/sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃtāpakarśita

saṁtāpakarśita - emaciated, weakened, or afflicted by grief/sorrow

Compound 'saṃtāpa' (grief) + 'karśita' (emaciated, worn out - past passive participle of root 'kṛś'). Feminine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃtāpa+karśita)

• saṃtāpa – grief, sorrow, affliction, torment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, worn out, reduced, weakened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of the causative of root 'kṛś' (to become thin/emaciated).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'Kausalyā'

धर्मम् (dharmam) - her intrinsic nature (dharma), her rightful place or conduct (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, very

(indeclinable)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, foremost, first

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'agra' (front, tip) with the suffix '-tas'.

Note: Adverb modifying 'kṛtvā'

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tvat

yuşmad - you, your

Ablative singular form of 'yuşmad', typically meaning 'from you'. Here used to denote agency for what is deserved.

Note: Denotes the source or agent of 'saṃmānam'

संमानम् (saṁmānam) - respect, honor, reverence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃmāna

saṁmāna - respect, honor, reverence, esteem

From root 'man' (to think, respect) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'arhati'

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, merits, is worthy of

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense

Third person singular, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada of root 'arh'.

Root: arh (class 1)

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