वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-23, verse-32

आराधिता हि शीलेन प्रयत्नैश्चोपसेविताः ।
राजानः संप्रसीदन्ति प्रकुप्यन्ति विपर्यये ॥३२॥

32. ārādhitā hi śīlena prayatnaiścopasevitāḥ ,
rājānaḥ saṃprasīdanti prakupyanti viparyaye.

32. ārādhitāḥ hi śīlena prayatnaiḥ ca upasevitāḥ
| rājānaḥ samprasīdanti prakupyanti viparyaye

32. hi śīlena ārādhitāḥ prayatnaiḥ ca upasevitāḥ
rājānaḥ samprasīdanti viparyaye (te) prakupyanti

32. Indeed, kings, when propitiated with good conduct and served with (great) efforts, become pleased and gracious. But they become enraged in the opposite case.

Words meanings summery:

• आराधिताः (ārādhitāḥ) - propitiated (propitiated, pleased, satisfied, worshipped)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• शीलेन (śīlena) - by good conduct (by conduct, by character, by virtue)

• प्रयत्नैः (prayatnaiḥ) - by efforts (by efforts, by exertions)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उपसेविताः (upasevitāḥ) - served (served, attended, cultivated, waited upon)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• सम्प्रसीदन्ति (samprasīdanti) - become pleased and gracious (they become completely pleased, they are gracious)

• प्रकुप्यन्ति (prakupyanti) - become enraged (they become very angry, they are enraged)

• विपर्यये (viparyaye) - in the opposite case (in the opposite case, in the reverse, in the contrary)

Words meanings and morphology

आराधिताः (ārādhitāḥ) - propitiated (propitiated, pleased, satisfied, worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārādhita

ārādhita - propitiated, worshipped, satisfied, won over

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ā-√rādh (to propitiate, satisfy) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying rājānaḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

शीलेन (śīlena) - by good conduct (by conduct, by character, by virtue)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - habit, custom, conduct, character, virtue, good disposition

Note: Denotes the means of propitiation.

प्रयत्नैः (prayatnaiḥ) - by efforts (by efforts, by exertions)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, attempt

From pra-√yat (to strive).

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means of serving.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उपसेविताः (upasevitāḥ) - served (served, attended, cultivated, waited upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upasevita

upasevita - served, attended, honored, cultivated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from upa-√sev (to serve, attend) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying rājānaḥ.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Subject of samprasīdanti and prakupyanti.

सम्प्रसीदन्ति (samprasīdanti) - become pleased and gracious (they become completely pleased, they are gracious)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of samprasīd

Present Tense

Formed from sam-pra-√sad (to sit down, to become tranquil, to be pleased).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sad (class 1)

प्रकुप्यन्ति (prakupyanti) - become enraged (they become very angry, they are enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prakup

Present Tense

Formed from pra-√kup (to be angry, to boil with rage).

Prefix: pra

Root: kup (class 4)

विपर्यये (viparyaye) - in the opposite case (in the opposite case, in the reverse, in the contrary)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viparyaya

viparyaya - inversion, reverse, opposite, contrary state

From vi-pari-√i (to go around, to be reversed).

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: i (class 2)

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