वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-23, verse-31

विप्रियं न च कर्तव्यं भरतस्य कदा चन ।
स हि राजा प्रभुश्चैव देशस्य च कुलस्य च ॥३१॥

31. vipriyaṃ na ca kartavyaṃ bharatasya kadā cana ,
sa hi rājā prabhuścaiva deśasya ca kulasya ca.

31. vipriyam na ca kartavyam bharatasya kadā cana |
saḥ hi rājā prabhuḥ ca eva deśasya ca kulasya ca

31. bharatasya kadā cana vipriyam ca na kartavyam
saḥ hi deśasya ca kulasya ca rājā ca eva prabhuḥ

31. No displeasure or harm should ever be done to Bharata. For he is indeed the king and lord of both the country and the family.

Words meanings summery:

• विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - displeasure or harm (disagreeable, unpleasant; harm, injury, displeasure)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done (to be done, ought to be done, proper to be done)

• भरतस्य (bharatasya) - to Bharata (of Bharata)

• कदा (kadā) - (part of 'never') (when)

• चन (cana) - (part of 'never') ((particle forming indefinites or negatives))

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord (lord, master, powerful)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• देशस्य (deśasya) - of the country (of the country, of the region)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family (of the family, of the lineage, of the clan)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - displeasure or harm (disagreeable, unpleasant; harm, injury, displeasure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, disliked; harm, injury, disservice

Formed from the prefix vi- and priya (dear, pleasing).

Compound type : Pradi-Samasa (vi+priya)

• vi – apart, asunder, away; intensely, thoroughly; indicating negation or privation
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or negation.
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Functions as the object of kartavyam.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be done (to be done, ought to be done, proper to be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, ought to be done, duty

Gerundive

Formed from root √kṛ (to do) with suffix -tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the predicate.

भरतस्य (bharatasya) - to Bharata (of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name, brother of Rama)

Note: Denotes the person to whom the harm should not be done.

कदा (kadā) - (part of 'never') (when)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of time.

चन (cana) - (part of 'never') ((particle forming indefinites or negatives))

(indeclinable)

When combined with interrogative pronouns/adverbs (like kadā), and used with na, it creates a strong negation (e.g., kadā cana na = 'never').

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Bharata.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord (lord, master, powerful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, ruler, powerful, capable

From pra-√bhū (to be prominent, to be powerful).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

देशस्य (deśasya) - of the country (of the country, of the region)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - country, region, place, district

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family (of the family, of the lineage, of the clan)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, clan, race, lineage, house

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

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