वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-102, verse-23

रघोस्तु पुत्रस्तेजस्वी प्रवृद्धः पुरुषादकः ।
कल्माषपादः सौदास इत्येवं प्रथितो भुवि ॥२३॥

23. raghostu putrastejasvī pravṛddhaḥ puruṣādakaḥ ,
kalmāṣapādaḥ saudāsa ityevaṃ prathito bhuvi.

23. raghoḥ tu putraḥ tejasvī pravṛddhaḥ puruṣādakaḥ
kalmāṣapādaḥ saudāsaḥ iti evam prathitaḥ bhuvi

23. raghoḥ tu putraḥ tejasvī pravṛddhaḥ puruṣādakaḥ
kalmāṣapādaḥ saudāsaḥ iti evam bhuvi prathitaḥ

23. The mighty and glorious son of Raghu, who was a man-eater, was Kalmāṣapāda, also known as Saudāsa; he was thus renowned on earth.

Words meanings summery:

• रघोः (raghoḥ) - of Raghu

• तु (tu) - however, in turn (indicating continuation of lineage) (but, however, indeed)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, offspring

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - glorious, powerful (luminous, glorious, energetic, powerful)

• प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - mighty, greatly grown (grown, large, mighty, flourishing)

• पुरुषादकः (puruṣādakaḥ) - (who was a) man-eater (man-eater, cannibal)

• कल्माषपादः (kalmāṣapādaḥ) - The name of Raghu's son (Kalmāṣapāda (proper name: 'spot-footed'))

• सौदासः (saudāsaḥ) - also known as Saudāsa (Saudāsa (patronymic of Sudāsa))

• इति (iti) - marking a conclusion or way of being known (thus, so, in this way)

• एवम् (evam) - in this way (referring to his being known by these names) (thus, so, in this manner)

• प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - was renowned/famous (renowned, famous, spread)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world)

Words meanings and morphology

रघोः (raghoḥ) - of Raghu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of raghu

raghu - Raghu (name of a celebrated king)

तु (tu) - however, in turn (indicating continuation of lineage) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Note: The main subject for the descriptive adjectives.

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - glorious, powerful (luminous, glorious, energetic, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - brilliant, glorious, powerful, spirited, sharp

Possessive suffix -vin applied to tejas (luster, glory)

Note: Strong stem form in nominative singular.

प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - mighty, greatly grown (grown, large, mighty, flourishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛddha

pravṛddha - grown up, large, mighty, increased, flourishing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (class 1) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Literally "well-grown" or "greatly developed."

पुरुषादकः (puruṣādakaḥ) - (who was a) man-eater (man-eater, cannibal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣādaka

puruṣādaka - man-eater, cannibal

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+adaka)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• adaka – eater, one who eats
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ad (class 2) + aka suffix
  Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively, describing the son.

कल्माषपादः (kalmāṣapādaḥ) - The name of Raghu's son (Kalmāṣapāda (proper name: 'spot-footed'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalmāṣapāda

kalmāṣapāda - Kalmāṣapāda (a mythical king, 'spot-footed' or 'piebald-footed')

Compound meaning "having spotted feet"

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kalmāṣa+pāda)

• kalmāṣa – spotted, variegated, blackish
  adjective (masculine)
• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Proper name for the son of Raghu.

सौदासः (saudāsaḥ) - also known as Saudāsa (Saudāsa (patronymic of Sudāsa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saudāsa

saudāsa - son of Sudāsa, descendant of Sudāsa (often used as an epithet for Kalmāṣapāda)

Patronymic formation from Sudāsa (Sudāsa + aṇ)

Note: Noun in apposition to Kalmāṣapāda.

इति (iti) - marking a conclusion or way of being known (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with 'evam' to emphasize "thus in this manner".

एवम् (evam) - in this way (referring to his being known by these names) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - was renowned/famous (renowned, famous, spread)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prathita

prathita - famous, renowned, celebrated, spread, extended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root prath (class 1) + kta suffix

Root: prath (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively, implying "he was renowned".

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world