वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-102, verse-22

भगीरथात् ककुत्स्थस्तु काकुत्स्था येन तु स्मृताः ।
ककुत्स्थस्य तु पुत्रो ऽभूद् रघुर्येन तु राघवः ॥२२॥

22. bhagīrathāt kakutsthastu kākutsthā yena tu smṛtāḥ ,
kakutsthasya tu putro'bhūd raghuryena tu rāghavaḥ.

22. bhagīrathāt kakutsthaḥ tu kākutsthāḥ yena tu smṛtāḥ
kakutsthasya tu putraḥ abhūt raghuḥ yena tu rāghavaḥ

22. bhagīrathāt kakutsthaḥ tu yena tu kākutsthāḥ smṛtāḥ
kakutsthasya tu putraḥ abhūt raghuḥ yena tu rāghavaḥ

22. Kakutstha was born from Bhagīratha, and it is by him that (his descendants) are remembered as Kākutsthas. The son of Kakutstha, in turn, was Raghu, by whom (his descendants) are remembered as Rāghavas.

Words meanings summery:

• भगीरथात् (bhagīrathāt) - from Bhagīratha

• ककुत्स्थः (kakutsthaḥ) - Kakutstha (proper name)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the lineage) (but, however, indeed)

• काकुत्स्थाः (kākutsthāḥ) - the family/descendants of Kakutstha (descendants of Kakutstha, belonging to Kakutstha)

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Kakutstha, indicating the source of the name) (by whom, by which)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, however, indeed)

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered/called (as Kākutsthas) (remembered, called, considered)

• ककुत्स्थस्य (kakutsthasya) - of Kakutstha

• तु (tu) - in turn, moreover (indicating continuation of lineage) (but, however, indeed)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, offspring

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was (the son) (was, became, existed)

• रघुः (raghuḥ) - Raghu (proper name)

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Raghu) (by whom, by which)

• तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, however, indeed)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - the family/descendants of Raghu (referring to the lineage) (descendant of Raghu, son of Raghu)

Words meanings and morphology

भगीरथात् (bhagīrathāt) - from Bhagīratha

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bhagīratha

bhagīratha - Bhagīratha (name of a king, son of Dilīpa)

Note: Indicates origin or source.

ककुत्स्थः (kakutsthaḥ) - Kakutstha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kakutstha

kakutstha - Kakutstha (name of a king, son of Bhagīratha)

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the lineage) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

काकुत्स्थाः (kākutsthāḥ) - the family/descendants of Kakutstha (descendants of Kakutstha, belonging to Kakutstha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, belonging to Kakutstha

patronymic formation from Kakutstha (Kakutstha + aṇ)

Note: The plural nominative here refers to the family or descendants.

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Kakutstha, indicating the source of the name) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to Kakutstha as the agent/cause of the naming.

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are remembered/called (as Kākutsthas) (remembered, called, considered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recalled, mentioned, called

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ (class 1) + kta suffix

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively, "they are remembered."

ककुत्स्थस्य (kakutsthasya) - of Kakutstha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kakutstha

kakutstha - Kakutstha (name of a king)

तु (tu) - in turn, moreover (indicating continuation of lineage) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

अभूत् (abhūt) - was (the son) (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist

3rd person singular Aorist, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

रघुः (raghuḥ) - Raghu (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghu

raghu - Raghu (name of a celebrated king)

Note: Noun in apposition to 'putraḥ'.

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Raghu) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to Raghu as the agent/cause of the naming.

तु (tu) - indeed (for emphasis) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - the family/descendants of Raghu (referring to the lineage) (descendant of Raghu, son of Raghu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (e.g., Rāma), relating to Raghu

patronymic formation from Raghu (Raghu + aṇ)

Note: Used as a collective noun or referring to the representative of the lineage.