वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-102, verse-20

असमञ्जस्तु पुत्रो ऽभूत् सगरस्येति नः श्रुतम् ।
जीवन्नेव स पित्रा तु निरस्तः पापकर्मकृत् ॥२०॥

20. asamañjastu putro'bhūt sagarasyeti naḥ śrutam ,
jīvanneva sa pitrā tu nirastaḥ pāpakarmakṛt.

20. asamañjaḥ tu putraḥ abhūt sagarasya iti naḥ śrutam
jīvan eva saḥ pitrā tu nirastaḥ pāpakarmakṛt

20. naḥ śrutam iti asamañjaḥ tu sagarasya putraḥ
abhūt saḥ pāpakarmakṛt jīvan eva pitrā tu nirastaḥ

20. We have heard that Asamañja was the son of Sagara. He, who committed evil deeds, was abandoned by his father while still alive.

Words meanings summery:

• असमञ्जः (asamañjaḥ) - Asamañja (proper name)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, however, indeed)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, offspring

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was (referring to his birth/existence as a son) (was, became, existed)

• सगरस्य (sagarasya) - of Sagara

• इति (iti) - indicating reported speech ("that...") (thus, so, in this way, indicating direct speech or reported speech)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (to us, by us, our)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (implying 'it has been heard') (heard, listened, revealed knowledge)

• जीवन् (jīvan) - while still alive (living, alive, while living)

• एव (eva) - indeed, even (emphasizing 'while living') (only, indeed, just, precisely)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Asamañja) (he, that)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father (Sagara) (by the father)

• तु (tu) - however (introducing a contrasting or additional fact) (but, however, indeed)

• निरस्तः (nirastaḥ) - was abandoned/cast out (abandoned, cast out, rejected)

• पापकर्मकृत् (pāpakarmakṛt) - (because he) committed evil deeds (one who commits evil deeds, sinner)

Words meanings and morphology

असमञ्जः (asamañjaḥ) - Asamañja (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asamañja

asamañja - Asamañja (name of Sagara's son)

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

अभूत् (abhūt) - was (referring to his birth/existence as a son) (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist

3rd person singular Aorist, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

सगरस्य (sagarasya) - of Sagara

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sagara

sagara - Sagara (name of a king)

इति (iti) - indicating reported speech ("that...") (thus, so, in this way, indicating direct speech or reported speech)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us (to us, by us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: In this passive construction, it functions as the agent, hence "by us".

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (implying 'it has been heard') (heard, listened, revealed knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śru

śru - to hear, to listen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (class 1) + kta suffix

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Functions here as a predicate adjective in an impersonal passive construction.

जीवन् (jīvan) - while still alive (living, alive, while living)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīv

jīv - to live, to be alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv (class 1) + śatṛ suffix

Root: jīv (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, even (emphasizing 'while living') (only, indeed, just, precisely)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Asamañja) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father (Sagara) (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, paternal ancestor

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

तु (tu) - however (introducing a contrasting or additional fact) (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

निरस्तः (nirastaḥ) - was abandoned/cast out (abandoned, cast out, rejected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirasta

nirasta - cast off, abandoned, rejected, thrown out

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root as (class 4) with upasarga nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: as (class 4)

पापकर्मकृत् (pāpakarmakṛt) - (because he) committed evil deeds (one who commits evil deeds, sinner)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpakarmakṛt

pāpakarmakṛt - one who commits sinful actions, evil-doer

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpakarma+kṛt)

• pāpakarma – sinful deed, evil act
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – doing, making, performer
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root kṛ (class 8), agent noun suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Here used as a substantive adjective, "the one who commits evil deeds."