वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-102, verse-19

स राजा सगरो नाम यः समुद्रमखानयत् ।
इष्ट्वा पर्वणि वेगेन त्रासयन्तमिमाः प्रजाः ॥१९॥

19. sa rājā sagaro nāma yaḥ samudramakhānayat ,
iṣṭvā parvaṇi vegena trāsayantamimāḥ prajāḥ.

19. saḥ rājā sagaraḥ nāma yaḥ samudram akhānayat
iṣṭvā parvṇi vegena trāsayantam imāḥ prajāḥ

19. saḥ rājā nāma sagaraḥ yaḥ parvṇi vegena iṣṭvā imāḥ prajāḥ trāsayantam samudram akhānayat.

19. That king, named Sagara, who caused the ocean to be dug—having performed a sacrifice on an auspicious occasion with great speed—(an ocean) that was terrifying these subjects.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• सगरः (sagaraḥ) - Sagara (name)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - ocean, sea

• अखानयत् (akhānayat) - caused to be dug, excavated

• इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having sacrificed, having worshipped

• पर्वणि (parvaṇi) - on an auspicious day for sacrifice (on a festival, on an auspicious occasion, at a joint (of time))

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, forcefully

• त्रासयन्तम् (trāsayantam) - The ocean, (during its digging), was frightening these subjects. (causing to tremble, frightening, terrifying)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

सगरः (sagaraḥ) - Sagara (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagara

sagara - Sagara (a mythical king); meaning 'with poison'

नाम (nāma) - by name, named

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to Sagara.

समुद्रम् (samudram) - ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Object of 'akhānayat'.

अखानयत् (akhānayat) - caused to be dug, excavated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of khan

Root: khan (class 1)

Note: Causal verb (he caused to be dug, implying he ordered his sons to dig).

इष्ट्वा (iṣṭvā) - having sacrificed, having worshipped

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, worship) or 'iṣ' (to desire), with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

पर्वणि (parvaṇi) - on an auspicious day for sacrifice (on a festival, on an auspicious occasion, at a joint (of time))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of parvan

parvan - knot, joint, division, chapter, festival, auspicious occasion

Note: Locative of time.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, forcefully

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetuosity

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Instrumental of manner.

त्रासयन्तम् (trāsayantam) - The ocean, (during its digging), was frightening these subjects. (causing to tremble, frightening, terrifying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trāsayat

trāsayat - causing to tremble, frightening

Present Active Participle (causal)

Formed from causal stem of root 'tras' (to tremble) with śatṛ suffix (शतृ).

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'samudram'.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Object of 'trāsayantam'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'trāsayantam'.