वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-102, verse-18

सपत्न्या तु गरस्तस्यै दत्तो गर्भजिघांसया ।
गरेण सह तेनैव जातः स सगरो ऽभवत् ॥१८॥

18. sapatnyā tu garastasyai datto garbhajighāṃsayā ,
gareṇa saha tenaiva jātaḥ sa sagaro'bhavat.

18. sapatnyā tu garaḥ tasyai dattaḥ garbhajighāṃsayā
gareṇa saha tena eva jātaḥ saḥ sagaraḥ abhavat

18. tu sapatnyā garbhajighāṃsayā tasyai garaḥ dattaḥ.
gareṇa saha tena eva jātaḥ saḥ sagaraḥ abhavat.

18. However, poison was given to her by a co-wife with the intent of destroying the embryo. He, born along with that very poison, became Sagara.

Words meanings summery:

• सपत्न्या (sapatnyā) - by a co-wife

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• गरः (garaḥ) - poison

• तस्यै (tasyai) - to Kālindī (to her)

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given

• गर्भजिघांसया (garbhajighāṁsayā) - with the intent of killing the embryo

• गरेण (gareṇa) - with the poison

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• तेन (tena) - by that poison (by that, with that (masculine instrumental singular))

• एव (eva) - very (that very poison) (only, even, just, indeed)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• सगरः (sagaraḥ) - Sagara (name)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

सपत्न्या (sapatnyā) - by a co-wife

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sapatnī

sapatnī - co-wife, rival wife

Note: Agent in a passive construction (poison was given by a co-wife).

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

गरः (garaḥ) - poison

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gara

gara - poison, venom

From root 'gṛ' (to swallow) or 'gala' (to drop)

Root: gṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'dattaḥ'.

तस्यै (tasyai) - to Kālindī (to her)

(pronoun)

Dative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Indirect object.

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - given

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'dā' (to give) with kta suffix (त)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Adjective used as a predicate, agreeing with 'garaḥ'.

गर्भजिघांसया (garbhajighāṁsayā) - with the intent of killing the embryo

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of garbhajighāṃsā

garbhajighāṁsā - desire to kill an embryo/fetus, feticide

Compound of 'garbha' (embryo) and 'jighāṃsā' (desire to kill, desiderative nominalization of 'han')

Compound type : tatpurusha (garbha+jighāṃsā)

• garbha – embryo, fetus, womb, interior
  noun (masculine)
• jighāṃsā – desire to kill, murderous intent
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative noun
  Formed from the desiderative stem of root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'a'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Instrumental case indicating purpose or means.

गरेण (gareṇa) - with the poison

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gara

gara - poison, venom

Root: gṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'saha' (with).

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Requires instrumental case for the accompanying noun.

तेन (tena) - by that poison (by that, with that (masculine instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'gara' (poison).

एव (eva) - very (that very poison) (only, even, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

जातः (jātaḥ) - born

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'jan' (to be born) with kta suffix (त)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Adjective describing 'saḥ' (Sagara).

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sagara.

सगरः (sagaraḥ) - Sagara (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagara

sagara - Sagara (a mythical king of the solar dynasty); literally 'with poison' (sa-gara)

Can also be understood as a Bahuvrīhi compound 'sa-gara' meaning 'having poison with him', which aligns with the story.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Imperfect tense of 'bhū'.