महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-36, verse-28

भौमेन रजसा कीर्णे शस्त्रसंपातसंकुले ।
नैव स्वे न परे राजन्व्यज्ञायन्त तमोवृते ॥२८॥

28. bhaumena rajasā kīrṇe śastrasaṁpātasaṁkule ,
naiva sve na pare rājanvyajñāyanta tamovṛte.

28. bhaumena rajasā kīrṇe śastrasampātasaṅkule na
eva sve na pare rājan vyajñāyanta tamovṛte

28. rājan bhaumena rajasā tamovṛte śastrasampātasaṅkule
sve na eva pare na vyajñāyanta

28. O King, when everything was covered in darkness by the dust rising from the earth and crowded with falling weapons, neither one's own people nor the enemy could be recognized.

Words meanings summery:

• भौमेन (bhaumena) - arising from the earth (earthly, dust-born, caused by the earth)

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (by dust, by vapor, by darkness)

• कीर्णे (kīrṇe) - covered, filled (scattered, filled, covered)

• शस्त्रसम्पातसङ्कुले (śastrasampātasaṅkule) - dense with falling weapons (crowded with the shower of weapons, confused by falling weapons)

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, certainly, just)

• स्वे (sve) - one's own men (one's own people, friends, allies)

• न (na) - nor (not)

• परे (pare) - enemies (others, enemies, strangers)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• व्यज्ञायन्त (vyajñāyanta) - could be recognized (were known, were recognized, were discerned)

• तमोवृते (tamovṛte) - shrouded in darkness (covered by darkness, enveloped in gloom)

Words meanings and morphology

भौमेन (bhaumena) - arising from the earth (earthly, dust-born, caused by the earth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhauma

bhauma - earthly, terrestrial, born from the earth

derived from bhūmi (earth)

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (by dust, by vapor, by darkness)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, atmosphere, passion

कीर्णे (kīrṇe) - covered, filled (scattered, filled, covered)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kīrṇa

kīrṇa - scattered, dispersed, filled, covered

Past Passive Participle

from the root kṛ (to scatter)

Root: kṛ (class 6)

शस्त्रसम्पातसङ्कुले (śastrasampātasaṅkule) - dense with falling weapons (crowded with the shower of weapons, confused by falling weapons)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śastrasampātasaṅkula

śastrasampātasaṅkula - thronged or confused by a shower of weapons

tatpurusha compound of śastra-sampāta and saṅkula

Compound type : tatpurusha (śastrasampāta+saṅkula)

• śastrasampāta – shower or discharge of weapons
  noun (masculine)
  tatpurusha compound
• saṅkula – filled with, crowded, confused
  adjective (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, certainly, just)

(indeclinable)

स्वे (sve) - one's own men (one's own people, friends, allies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own, kinsman

न (na) - nor (not)

(indeclinable)

परे (pare) - enemies (others, enemies, strangers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, subsequent, enemy, distant

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

व्यज्ञायन्त (vyajñāyanta) - could be recognized (were known, were recognized, were discerned)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

passive form of jñā in past imperfect

Prefix:

Root: jñā (class 9)

तमोवृते (tamovṛte) - shrouded in darkness (covered by darkness, enveloped in gloom)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamovṛta

tamovṛta - enveloped in darkness

Past Passive Participle

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+vṛta)

• tamas – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• vṛta – covered, surrounded, enveloped
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vṛ (to cover)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

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