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8,36

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-36, verse-36

शूरास्तु समरे राजन्भयं त्यक्त्वा सुदुस्त्यजम् ।
योधव्रतसमाख्याताश्चक्रुः कर्माण्यभीतवत् ॥३६॥
36. śūrāstu samare rājanbhayaṁ tyaktvā sudustyajam ,
yodhavratasamākhyātāścakruḥ karmāṇyabhītavat.
36. śūrāḥ tu samare rājan bhayam tyaktvā sudustyajam
yodhavratasamākhyātāḥ cakruḥ karmāṇi abhītavat
36. rājan śūrāḥ tu samare sudustyajam bhayam tyaktvā
yodhavratasamākhyātāḥ abhītavat karmāṇi cakruḥ
36. O King, the brave warriors, having abandoned the fear that is so very difficult to overcome, and known for their adherence to the warrior's code, performed their deeds (karma) fearlessly.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, warriors
  • तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand
  • समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict
  • राजन् (rājan) - O king
  • भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread
  • त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up
  • सुदुस्त्यजम् (sudustyajam) - very difficult to abandon, very hard to give up
  • योधव्रतसमाख्याताः (yodhavratasamākhyātāḥ) - known by the warrior's vow, described by the warrior's code
  • चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they performed, they made
  • कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - deeds, actions, duties
  • अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly, like one unafraid

Words meanings and morphology

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave men, warriors
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra
śūra - brave, valiant, hero, warrior
तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of samara
samara - battle, war, conflict
राजन् (rājan) - O king
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan
rājan - king, ruler
भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya
bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up
(indeclinable)
absolutive
formed from root √tyaj with suffix -ktvā
Root: tyaj (class 1)
सुदुस्त्यजम् (sudustyajam) - very difficult to abandon, very hard to give up
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sudustyaja
sudustyaja - very difficult to abandon/give up
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dus+tyaja)
  • su – good, well, very, excellent
    indeclinable
  • dus – bad, difficult, ill
    indeclinable
  • tyaja – to be abandoned, to be given up
    adjective
    gerundive
    derived from √tyaj with suffix -ya (or -anīya, -tavya)
    Root: tyaj (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'bhayam'.
योधव्रतसमाख्याताः (yodhavratasamākhyātāḥ) - known by the warrior's vow, described by the warrior's code
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yodhavratasamākhyāta
yodhavratasamākhyāta - described by/known for the warrior's vow
Past Passive Participle
Compound of yodhavrata and samākhyāta (PPP of sam-ā-khyā)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yodhavrata+samākhyāta)
  • yodhavrata – warrior's vow/code
    noun (neuter)
  • samākhyāta – well-known, proclaimed, described
    adjective
    Past Passive Participle
    formed from root √khyā with upasargas sam and ā, and suffix -ta
    Prefixes: sam+ā
    Root: khyā (class 2)
Note: Qualifies 'śūrāḥ'.
चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they performed, they made
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ
perfect tense
Root verb kṛ, perfect third person plural
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - deeds, actions, duties
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of karma
karma - action, deed, work, ritual action
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'.
अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly, like one unafraid
(indeclinable)
formed with suffix -vat, meaning 'like' or 'as if'
Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+bhīta)
  • a – not, un-, without
    indeclinable
    negative prefix
  • bhīta – frightened, afraid
    adjective
    Past Passive Participle
    formed from root √bhī with suffix -ta
    Root: bhī (class 3)
Note: Adverbial use.