महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-36, verse-27

वर्तमाने तथा घोरे संकुले सर्वतोदिशम् ।
अविज्ञाताः स्म युध्यन्ते विनिघ्नन्तः परस्परम् ॥२७॥

27. vartamāne tathā ghore saṁkule sarvatodiśam ,
avijñātāḥ sma yudhyante vinighnantaḥ parasparam.

27. vartamāne tathā ghore saṃkule sarvatodiśam
avijñātāḥ sma yudhyante vinighnantaḥ parasparam

27. tathā ghore saṃkule sarvatodiśam vartamāne
avijñātāḥ sma parasparam vinighnantaḥ yudhyante

27. While such a terrible and chaotic battle raged in all directions, they fought, unrecognized, killing each other.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing, while raging (existing, present, ongoing, while existing)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, similarly

• घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• संकुले (saṁkule) - in the chaotic battle (in the tumultuous fight, in the confused struggle)

• सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, everywhere

• अविज्ञाताः (avijñātāḥ) - unrecognized, unknown

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (or indicates past tense when used with present tense verb)

• युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight (fought)

• विनिघ्नन्तः (vinighnantaḥ) - killing, striking down

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing, while raging (existing, present, ongoing, while existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, current, present

Present Active Participle

From root √vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) with suffix -śānac.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the 'saṃkule'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, similarly

(indeclinable)

घोरे (ghore) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful

संकुले (saṁkule) - in the chaotic battle (in the tumultuous fight, in the confused struggle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkula

saṁkula - crowded, confused, tumultuous, chaos, crowd

From prefix 'sam' and root √kul (to collect).

Prefix: sam

Root: kul

सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Composed of 'sarvataḥ' (from all sides) and 'diśam' (direction, accusative as adverbial).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sarvataḥ+diś)

• sarvataḥ – from all sides, on all sides, completely
  indeclinable
• diś – direction, quarter of the sky
  noun (feminine)

अविज्ञाताः (avijñātāḥ) - unrecognized, unknown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avijñāta

avijñāta - unknown, unrecognized, not understood

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Negation 'a' + Past Passive Participle of √jñā with prefix vi.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāta)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  negation
• vijñāta – known, recognized
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jñā (to know) with vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject of 'yudhyante'.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (or indicates past tense when used with present tense verb)

(indeclinable)

Note: It makes the 'yudhyante' verb effectively past tense.

युध्यन्ते (yudhyante) - they fight (fought)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of yudh

present tense

From root √yudh (class 4, ātmanepada).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The 'sma' particle makes the action past.

विनिघ्नन्तः (vinighnantaḥ) - killing, striking down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinighnant

vinighnant - killing, striking down, destroying

Present Active Participle

From root √han (class 2, parasmaipada) with prefixes vi + ni.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(indeclinable)