महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-36, verse-18

अपरे प्राद्रवन्नागाः शल्यार्ता व्रणपीडिताः ।
प्रतिमानैश्च कुम्भैश्च पेतुरुर्व्यां महाहवे ॥१८॥

18. apare prādravannāgāḥ śalyārtā vraṇapīḍitāḥ ,
pratimānaiśca kumbhaiśca petururvyāṁ mahāhave.

18. apare prādravan nāgāḥ śalyārtāḥ vraṇapīḍitāḥ
pratimānaiḥ ca kumbhaiḥ ca petuḥ urvyām mahāhave

18. śalyārtāḥ vraṇapīḍitāḥ apare nāgāḥ prādravan ca
pratimānaiḥ kumbhaiḥ ca mahāhave urvyām petuḥ

18. Others, distressed by spears and afflicted by wounds, fled. And (some elephants), with their foreheads and frontal globes (temples) shattered, fell upon the earth in the great battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अपरे (apare) - others, other ones

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

• शल्यार्ताः (śalyārtāḥ) - distressed by darts/spears, wounded by arrows

• व्रणपीडिताः (vraṇapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by wounds, pained by injuries

• प्रतिमानैः (pratimānaiḥ) - by the foreheads/frontal projections of elephants (often used poetically to imply shattered frontal bones) (by frontal projections (of elephants), by images)

• च (ca) - and

• कुम्भैः (kumbhaiḥ) - by the frontal globes/temples of elephants (by frontal globes (temples of elephants), by water-pots)

• च (ca) - and

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell down

• उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the earth, on the ground

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

Words meanings and morphology

अपरे (apare) - others, other ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, different, subsequent

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādrav

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, mountain

शल्यार्ताः (śalyārtāḥ) - distressed by darts/spears, wounded by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śalyārta

śalyārta - pained by a dart/spear, wounded by an arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śalya+ārta)

• śalya – dart, spear, arrow, foreign body
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – pained, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛd (to pain, afflict)
  Root: ṛd (class 1)

व्रणपीडिताः (vraṇapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by wounds, pained by injuries

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vraṇapīḍita

vraṇapīḍita - afflicted by wounds, suffering from injuries

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vraṇa+pīḍita)

• vraṇa – wound, injury, ulcer
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – oppressed, tormented, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pīḍ (to oppress, vex, afflict)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

प्रतिमानैः (pratimānaiḥ) - by the foreheads/frontal projections of elephants (often used poetically to imply shattered frontal bones) (by frontal projections (of elephants), by images)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pratimāna

pratimāna - image, counterpart, forehead (of an elephant), measure

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कुम्भैः (kumbhaiḥ) - by the frontal globes/temples of elephants (by frontal globes (temples of elephants), by water-pots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kumbha

kumbha - water-pot, frontal globes/temples on an elephant's head

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground, land

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, fierce combat

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• hava – battle, war, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)