महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-65, verse-5

ततस्तव सुतो राजन्दृष्ट्वा सैन्यं तथागतम् ।
दुःशासनो भृशं क्रुद्धो युद्धायार्जुनमभ्ययात् ॥५॥

5. tatastava suto rājandṛṣṭvā sainyaṁ tathāgatam ,
duḥśāsano bhṛśaṁ kruddho yuddhāyārjunamabhyayāt.

5. tataḥ tava sutaḥ rājan dṛṣṭvā sainyam tathā-gatam
duḥśāsanaḥ bhṛśam kruddhaḥ yuddhāya arjunam abhyayāt

5. tataḥ rājan tava sutaḥ duḥśāsanaḥ tathā-gatam sainyam
dṛṣṭvā bhṛśam kruddhaḥ yuddhāya arjunam abhyayāt

5. Then, your son, O King, seeing the army in such a state, Duḥśāsana became exceedingly enraged and advanced towards Arjuna for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तव (tava) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom Sañjaya is speaking). (your, of yours)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, Duḥśāsana. (son)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - The Kaurava army. (army, host)

• तथा-गतम् (tathā-gatam) - in such a shattered and demoralized state. (gone in that manner, in such a state)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - One of the Kaurava princes, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Duḥśāsana (name))

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, intensely

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - The Pāṇḍava hero Arjuna. (Arjuna)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - advanced, approached, went towards

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom Sañjaya is speaking). (your, of yours)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son, Duḥśāsana. (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Noun derived from root 'sū' (to give birth).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

From root 'rāj' (to rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Used as an address.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From verb root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior action to 'abhyayāt'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - The Kaurava army. (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

तथा-गतम् (tathā-gatam) - in such a shattered and demoralized state. (gone in that manner, in such a state)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tathā-gata

tathā-gata - gone in such a manner, in such a state, thus come

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'tathā' (thus) and 'gata' (gone).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+gata)

• tathā – thus, in that manner
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, come, arrived at, being in
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sainyam'.

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - One of the Kaurava princes, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Duḥśāsana (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (name), difficult to rule/govern

Compound of 'dus' (difficult, bad) + 'śāsana' (rule, command).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Main subject of the second clause.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'kruddhaḥ'.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

From verb root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with an implied "was".

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Noun derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - The Pāṇḍava hero Arjuna. (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name), white, clear

Note: Object of 'abhyayāt'.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - advanced, approached, went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From verb root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' + 'ā'. The 'a' in 'abhyayāt' is the augment for the imperfect tense.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.