महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-65, verse-13

काष्ठातीत इवादित्यः प्रतपन्युगसंक्षये ।
ददृशे दिक्षु सर्वासु पार्थः परपुरंजयः ॥१३॥

13. kāṣṭhātīta ivādityaḥ pratapanyugasaṁkṣaye ,
dadṛśe dikṣu sarvāsu pārthaḥ parapuraṁjayaḥ.

13. kāṣṭhā-atītaḥ iva ādityaḥ pratapan yugasaṃkṣaye
dadṛśe dikṣu sarvāsu pārthaḥ parapuraṃjayaḥ

13. parapuraṃjayaḥ pārthaḥ yugasaṃkṣaye kāṣṭhā-atītaḥ
pratapan ādityaḥ iva sarvāsu dikṣu dadṛśe

13. Pārtha (Arjuna), the conqueror of enemy cities, appeared in all directions like the sun at the end of an age, blazing intensely and beyond all limits.

Words meanings summery:

• काष्ठा-अतीतः (kāṣṭhā-atītaḥ) - (the sun) gone beyond all quarters or limits (of intensity) (gone beyond limits, exceedingly powerful)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun

• प्रतपन् (pratapan) - (the sun) intensely blazing (blazing, scorching, heating)

• युगसंक्षये (yugasaṁkṣaye) - at the destruction of an age/eon

• ददृशे (dadṛśe) - (Arjuna) appeared (was seen, appeared)

• दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions

• सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

• परपुरंजयः (parapuraṁjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities

Words meanings and morphology

काष्ठा-अतीतः (kāṣṭhā-atītaḥ) - (the sun) gone beyond all quarters or limits (of intensity) (gone beyond limits, exceedingly powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāṣṭhā-atīta

kāṣṭhā-atīta - passed beyond the quarters, gone beyond limits, excessive

Compound of kāṣṭhā (direction, limit) and atīta (passed, gone beyond).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāṣṭhā+atīta)

• kāṣṭhā – direction, quarter, limit, extreme
  noun (feminine)
• atīta – passed, gone by, exceeded
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from the root √i (to go) with upasarga 'ati'.
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'ādityaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi

Note: Subject of the comparison.

प्रतपन् (pratapan) - (the sun) intensely blazing (blazing, scorching, heating)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratapat

pratapat - blazing, scorching, shining intensely

present active participle

Derived from the root √tap (to heat, burn) with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ādityaḥ'.

युगसंक्षये (yugasaṁkṣaye) - at the destruction of an age/eon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugasaṃkṣaya

yugasaṁkṣaya - destruction of an age/eon, dissolution of the world

Compound of yuga (age, eon) and saṃkṣaya (destruction, end).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+saṃkṣaya)

• yuga – age, eon, period of time
  noun (neuter)
• saṃkṣaya – destruction, dissolution, end
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-√kṣi (to destroy, diminish).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Refers to the time of comparison.

ददृशे (dadṛśe) - (Arjuna) appeared (was seen, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

perfect (liṭ)

Perfect 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada), passive sense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Often used with passive sense for perception verbs.

दिक्षु (dikṣu) - in the directions

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

सर्वासु (sarvāsu) - in all

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies 'dikṣu'.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name of Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) with patronymic suffix 'a'.

Note: Subject of the verb 'dadṛśe'.

परपुरंजयः (parapuraṁjayaḥ) - conqueror of enemy cities

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapuraṃjaya

parapuraṁjaya - conqueror of enemy cities/forts

Compound of para (enemy) + pura (city) + jaya (conqueror).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+pura+jaya)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• pura – city, fort, stronghold
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'pārthaḥ'.