महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-65, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
तस्मिन्प्रभग्ने सैन्याग्रे वध्यमाने किरीटिना ।
के नु तत्र रणे वीराः प्रत्युदीयुर्धनंजयम् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
tasminprabhagne sainyāgre vadhyamāne kirīṭinā ,
ke nu tatra raṇe vīrāḥ pratyudīyurdhanaṁjayam.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca tasmin prabhagne sainyāgre vadhyamāne
kirīṭinā ke nu tatra raṇe vīrāḥ pratyudīyuḥ dhanaṃjayam

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca tasmin sainyāgre prabhagne kirīṭinā
vadhyamāne ke nu tatra raṇe vīrāḥ dhanaṃjayam pratyudīyuḥ

1. Dhritarashtra said: "When that vanguard of the army was routed and being slain by the crowned one (Arjuna), which heroes, indeed, resisted Dhananjaya (Arjuna) in that battle?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

• प्रभग्ने (prabhagne) - in the broken, in the routed

• सैन्याग्रे (sainyāgre) - in the vanguard of the army, in the front of the army

• वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - while being slain, while being attacked

• किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (by the crowned one)

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• नु (nu) - indeed, pray, then

• तत्र (tatra) - in that battle (there, in that place)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

• प्रत्युदीयुः (pratyudīyuḥ) - they went against, they resisted

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth') (Dhananjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'sainyāgre'.

प्रभग्ने (prabhagne) - in the broken, in the routed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, routed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root bhañj (भञ्ज्) 'to break' with prefix pra- (प्र).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyāgre'.

सैन्याग्रे (sainyāgre) - in the vanguard of the army, in the front of the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainyāgra

sainyāgra - the van of an army, vanguard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sainya+agra)

• sainya – army, forces
  noun (neuter)
• agra – front, tip, top, vanguard
  noun (neuter)

वध्यमाने (vadhyamāne) - while being slain, while being attacked

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being slain, being killed, being injured

Present Passive Participle

From root vadh (वध्) 'to strike, kill' + śānac suffix.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyāgre'.

किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (by the crowned one)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearing a diadem or tiara, crowned; an epithet of Arjuna

From 'kirīṭa' (diadem) + 'in' suffix.

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

नु (nu) - indeed, pray, then

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - in that battle (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war; sound, clang

Root: raṇ (class 1)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - a hero, warrior; brave, strong

प्रत्युदीयुः (pratyudīyuḥ) - they went against, they resisted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pratyudī

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth') (Dhananjaya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna; fire

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (जि) 'to conquer'.
  Root: ji (class 1)