महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-38, verse-28

दुःशासनस्तु संक्रुद्धः प्रभिन्न इव कुञ्जरः ।
अयोधयत सौभद्रमभिमन्युश्च तं रणे ॥२८॥

28. duḥśāsanastu saṁkruddhaḥ prabhinna iva kuñjaraḥ ,
ayodhayata saubhadramabhimanyuśca taṁ raṇe.

28. duḥśāsanaḥ tu saṃkruddhaḥ prabhinnaḥ iva kuñjaraḥ
ayodhayat saubhadram abhimanyuḥ ca tam raṇe

28. tu saṃkruddhaḥ prabhinnaḥ iva kuñjaraḥ duḥśāsanaḥ
saubhadram ayodhayat ca abhimanyuḥ tam raṇe ayodhayat

28. But Duḥśāsana, enraged like an elephant in rut, fought Abhimanyu (the son of Subhadrā), and Abhimanyu, in turn, fought him in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (name of a Kaurava prince)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - enraged, greatly angered

• प्रभिन्नः (prabhinnaḥ) - in rut (describing an elephant) (broken, split, pierced, in rut (for an elephant))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - fought, contended

• सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu)

• अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (name of a warrior)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तम् (tam) - Duḥśāsana (him, that)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (name of a Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a proper name)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - enraged, greatly angered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, highly incensed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'sam' and root 'kudh' (to be angry)

Prefix: sam

Root: kudh (class 4)

प्रभिन्नः (prabhinnaḥ) - in rut (describing an elephant) (broken, split, pierced, in rut (for an elephant))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhinna

prabhinna - split, broken, opened, in rut (of an elephant)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'pra' and root 'bhid' (to break, split)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhid (class 7)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - fought, contended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Causative, Imperfect

Causative form of root 'yudh' (to fight), 3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice.

Root: yudh (class 4)

सौभद्रम् (saubhadram) - Abhimanyu (son of Subhadrā, Abhimanyu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubhadra

saubhadra - son of Subhadrā (Abhimanyu)

Derived from 'subhadrā' + aṇ pratyaya, meaning 'son of Subhadrā'

अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (name of a warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (a proper name, son of Arjuna)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Duḥśāsana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)