महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-34, verse-19

उपदिष्टो हि मे पित्रा योगोऽनीकस्य भेदने ।
नोत्सहे तु विनिर्गन्तुमहं कस्यांचिदापदि ॥१९॥

19. upadiṣṭo hi me pitrā yogo'nīkasya bhedane ,
notsahe tu vinirgantumahaṁ kasyāṁcidāpadi.

19. upadiṣṭaḥ hi me pitrā yogaḥ anīkasya bhedane |
na utsahe tu vinirgantum aham kasyāñcid āpadi

19. pitrā me anīkasya bhedane yogaḥ upadiṣṭaḥ hi
tu aham kasyāñcid āpadi vinirgantum na utsahe

19. Indeed, my father instructed me in the method (yoga) for penetrating the army (anīka). However, I am not able to exit (vinirgantum) in any calamity (āpad).

Words meanings summery:

• उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, taught, advised

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my, by me

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father

• योगः (yogaḥ) - strategy, method, skill (for penetrating a formation) (union, method, discipline, strategy, skill)

• अनीकस्य (anīkasya) - of the army, of the host, of the battle array

• भेदने (bhedane) - in breaking, in piercing, in dividing

• न (na) - not, no

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able, I am energetic, I am bold

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• विनिर्गन्तुम् (vinirgantum) - to exit (from the formation) (to go out, to exit, to escape)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कस्याञ्चिद् (kasyāñcid) - in any

• आपदि (āpadi) - in calamity, in distress, in danger

Words meanings and morphology

उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - instructed, taught, advised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - instructed, taught, advised, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'diś' (to point, show) with upasarga 'upa'. Formed with suffix -ta.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Refers to yogaḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, for me, my, by me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can also be genitive, but dative 'to me' fits 'taught to me by father'.

पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

योगः (yogaḥ) - strategy, method, skill (for penetrating a formation) (union, method, discipline, strategy, skill)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, conjunction, method, discipline, spiritual practice, strategy, effort, application (yoga)

From root yuj (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'upadiṣṭaḥ'.

अनीकस्य (anīkasya) - of the army, of the host, of the battle array

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, host, battle array, face, front

Note: Related to 'bhedane'.

भेदने (bhedane) - in breaking, in piercing, in dividing

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhedana

bhedana - breaking, piercing, dividing, splitting

From root bhid (to break) with suffix -ana.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Indicates the purpose or context.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I am able, I am energetic, I am bold

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsah

Present Active

From root sah (to bear, endure) with upasarga 'ut'.

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Athematic verb in middle voice.

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

विनिर्गन्तुम् (vinirgantum) - to exit (from the formation) (to go out, to exit, to escape)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root gam (to go) with upasargas 'vi' and 'nir'.

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as an object of 'utsahe'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of 'utsahe'.

कस्याञ्चिद् (kasyāñcid) - in any

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - any, some, a certain, whoever

Compound of interrogative pronoun 'ka' and indeclinable 'cid'.

Note: Qualifies 'āpadi'.

आपदि (āpadi) - in calamity, in distress, in danger

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune, danger

From root pad (to go) with upasarga 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Location of the inability to exit.

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