महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-17, verse-31

ततस्ते संन्यवर्तन्त संशप्तकगणाः पुनः ।
नारायणाश्च गोपालाः कृत्वा मृत्युं निवर्तनम् ॥३१॥

31. tataste saṁnyavartanta saṁśaptakagaṇāḥ punaḥ ,
nārāyaṇāśca gopālāḥ kṛtvā mṛtyuṁ nivartanam.

31. tataḥ te sam ni avartanta saṃśaptaka gaṇāḥ punaḥ
nārāyaṇāḥ ca gopālāḥ kṛtvā mṛtyum nivartanam

31. tataḥ punaḥ te saṃśaptaka gaṇāḥ ca nārāyaṇāḥ
gopālāḥ mṛtyum nivartanam kṛtvā sam ni avartanta

31. Then those groups of Saṃśaptakas and the Nārayaṇa Gopālas retreated again, making death their only return.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• ते (te) - those (groups) (they, those)

• सम् (sam) - (prefix to avartanta) (together, with, completely)

• नि (ni) - (prefix to avartanta) (down, into, in)

• अवर्तन्त (avartanta) - they turned back, they retreated (they turned, they revolved)

• संशप्तक (saṁśaptaka) - (of) Saṃśaptakas (a specific warrior group) (sworn, bound by an oath)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups (of warriors) (groups, throngs, multitudes)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover, but)

• नारायणाः (nārāyaṇāḥ) - the Nārayaṇa warriors (Kṛṣṇa's army) (Nārāyaṇa (warriors), followers of Nārāyaṇa)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गोपालाः (gopālāḥ) - the Gopālas (often referring to Kṛṣṇa's warrior clan) (cowherds, protectors of cows)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made (death their return) (having done, having made)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - (their only) return/retreat (turning back, retreat, return)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

ते (te) - those (groups) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of avartanta.

सम् (sam) - (prefix to avartanta) (together, with, completely)

(indeclinable)

prefix

Note: Forms compound verb sam-ni-vṛt.

नि (ni) - (prefix to avartanta) (down, into, in)

(indeclinable)

prefix

Note: Forms compound verb sam-ni-vṛt.

अवर्तन्त (avartanta) - they turned back, they retreated (they turned, they revolved)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect mood

3rd person plural, Atmanepada, with augment a and prefixes sam-ni.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: saṃnyavartanta is the full verb.

संशप्तक (saṁśaptaka) - (of) Saṃśaptakas (a specific warrior group) (sworn, bound by an oath)

(noun)

masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - one who has sworn a mutual oath (to conquer or die), a specific warrior group

From sam-śap (to swear together).

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Part of a compound saṃśaptakagaṇāḥ.

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups (of warriors) (groups, throngs, multitudes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - host, troop, collection, group, multitude

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃśaptaka+gaṇa)

• saṃśaptaka – one who has sworn a mutual oath (to conquer or die), a specific warrior group
  proper noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śap (class 1)
• gaṇa – host, troop, collection, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of avartanta.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

नारायणाः (nārāyaṇāḥ) - the Nārayaṇa warriors (Kṛṣṇa's army) (Nārāyaṇa (warriors), followers of Nārāyaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nārāyaṇa

nārāyaṇa - descendant of Nara, relating to Nārāyaṇa (Viṣṇu), a type of warrior

Often refers to Kṛṣṇa's invincible army.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

गोपालाः (gopālāḥ) - the Gopālas (often referring to Kṛṣṇa's warrior clan) (cowherds, protectors of cows)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gopāla

gopāla - cowherd, protector of cows, a name of Kṛṣṇa, a specific warrior tribe/army

Often refers to the Yādava clan warriors.

Root: go

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made (death their return) (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root kṛ + suffix tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Linked to the subject te.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, mortality

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

निवर्तनम् (nivartanam) - (their only) return/retreat (turning back, retreat, return)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nivartana

nivartana - turning back, returning, retreat, cessation

Verbal Noun

From ni-vṛt + suffix ana.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Grammatically complements mṛtyum, together with kṛtvā forming "making death (as) retreat".