महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-17, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततः संशप्तका राजन्समे देशे व्यवस्थिताः ।
व्यूह्यानीकं रथैरेव चन्द्रार्धाख्यं मुदान्विताः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataḥ saṁśaptakā rājansame deśe vyavasthitāḥ ,
vyūhyānīkaṁ rathaireva candrārdhākhyaṁ mudānvitāḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ saṃśaptakā rājan same deśe vyavasthitāḥ
vyūhya anīkaṃ rathaiḥ eva candrārdha ākhyaṃ mudā anvitāḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca rājan tataḥ mudā anvitāḥ saṃśaptakāḥ same deśe
vyavasthitāḥ rathaiḥ eva anīkaṃ candrārdha ākhyaṃ vyūhya

1. Sañjaya said: "Then, O King, the Saṃśaptakas, filled with joy, stationed themselves in an even place and formed their army, consisting mainly of chariots, into a crescent-shaped (candrārdha) battle array."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - those who have sworn together, the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O King)

• समे (same) - in a level or open place suitable for battle. (even, level, similar)

• देशे (deśe) - in a battleground location. (in a place, region)

• व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - arranged in battle formation. (stationed, arranged, stood)

• व्यूह्य (vyūhya) - having formed a specific battle array. (having arranged, having formed (a battle array))

• अनीकं (anīkaṁ) - their military force. (army, host)

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots, with chariots

• एव (eva) - emphasizing that the formation was primarily or solely of chariots. (only, just, indeed)

• चन्द्रार्ध (candrārdha) - refers to the shape of the battle array. (half-moon, crescent)

• आख्यं (ākhyaṁ) - referring to the specific name of the battle array. (named, called)

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy, delight

• अन्विताः (anvitāḥ) - filled with joy. (endowed with, accompanied by, filled with)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (the charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' takes reduplication and strong stem in perfect. 'uvāca' is the 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas indicating 'from that'.

संशप्तकाः (saṁśaptakāḥ) - those who have sworn together, the Saṃśaptakas (a specific group of warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - those who have sworn together, a group of warriors who have sworn to fight to the death.

Prefix: sam

Root: śap (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

समे (same) - in a level or open place suitable for battle. (even, level, similar)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, even, level, uniform

Note: Agrees with 'deśe'.

देशे (deśe) - in a battleground location. (in a place, region)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country

Root: diś (class 6)

व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - arranged in battle formation. (stationed, arranged, stood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - stationed, arranged, fixed, established, determined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃśaptakāḥ'.

व्यूह्य (vyūhya) - having formed a specific battle array. (having arranged, having formed (a battle array))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'ūh' (to arrange) with prefix 'vi'. The 'ū' becomes 'vyū' in absolutive form.

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

अनीकं (anīkaṁ) - their military force. (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anīka

anīka - army, host, array

Note: Object of 'vyūhya'.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots, with chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or composition of the army.

एव (eva) - emphasizing that the formation was primarily or solely of chariots. (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

चन्द्रार्ध (candrārdha) - refers to the shape of the battle array. (half-moon, crescent)

(noun)

masculine, singular of candrārdha

candrārdha - half-moon, crescent

Compound type : tatpurusha (candra+ardha)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)

Note: First part of the compound 'candrārdha-ākhya'.

आख्यं (ākhyaṁ) - referring to the specific name of the battle array. (named, called)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākhya

ākhya - named, called, having the name of

Gerundive / Passive Participle suffix 'ya' or from 'ākhyā'

Often used as the second element of a compound meaning 'named so-and-so'. From root 'khyā' (to tell, relate) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'anīkaṃ'. The whole compound 'candrārdhākhyaṃ' is accusative singular neuter.

मुदा (mudā) - with joy, delight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, pleasure

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Used with 'anvitāḥ'.

अन्विताः (anvitāḥ) - filled with joy. (endowed with, accompanied by, filled with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anvita

anvita - endowed with, accompanied by, connected with, joined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'anu' and 'i'.

Prefixes: anu+i

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saṃśaptakāḥ'.