महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-17, verse-23

तस्मिंस्तु पतिते वीरे त्रस्तास्तस्य पदानुगाः ।
व्यद्रवन्त भयाद्भीता येन दौर्योधनं बलम् ॥२३॥

23. tasmiṁstu patite vīre trastāstasya padānugāḥ ,
vyadravanta bhayādbhītā yena dauryodhanaṁ balam.

23. tasmin tu patite vīre trastāḥ tasya padānugāḥ vi
adravanta bhayāt bhītāḥ yena dauryodhanam balam

23. tu tasmin vīre patite tasya trastāḥ bhītāḥ padānugāḥ
bhayāt yena dauryodhanam balam vi adravanta

23. But when that hero (Sudhanvan) fell, his terrified followers, overcome by fear, fled towards Duryodhana's army.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (hero) (in him, on him, in that, when that)

• तु (tu) - but (contrasting with the previous action) (but, on the other hand)

• पतिते (patite) - having fallen (Sudhanvan) (fallen, having fallen)

• वीरे (vīre) - when the hero (Sudhanvan) (in the hero, to the hero, when the hero)

• त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened (followers) (frightened, terrified)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Sudhanvan's) (of him, his)

• पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - his followers (Sudhanvan's troops) (followers, attendants)

• वि (vi) - away (fled away) (apart, away, asunder)

• अद्रवन्त (adravanta) - they fled (the followers) (they fled, they ran)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear (from fear, due to fear)

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - terrified (followers) (terrified, afraid)

• येन (yena) - to where (by whom, by which, in which way, wherefore, to where)

• दौर्योधनम् (dauryodhanam) - Duryodhana's (army) (related to Duryodhana, Duryodhana's)

• बलम् (balam) - Duryodhana's army (army, force, strength)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (hero) (in him, on him, in that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Locative singular of `tad`, masculine.

Note: Refers to Sudhanvan.

तु (tu) - but (contrasting with the previous action) (but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle of contrast or emphasis.

पतिते (patite) - having fallen (Sudhanvan) (fallen, having fallen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `pat` (to fall) with `kta` suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tasmin` and `vīre`.

वीरे (vīre) - when the hero (Sudhanvan) (in the hero, to the hero, when the hero)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

त्रस्ताः (trastāḥ) - frightened (followers) (frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - frightened, terrified, scared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `tras` (to tremble, be frightened) with `kta` suffix.

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `padānugāḥ`.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Sudhanvan's) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Genitive singular of `tad`, masculine.

Note: Refers to Sudhanvan.

पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - his followers (Sudhanvan's troops) (followers, attendants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padānuga

padānuga - follower, attendant, going after

Compound: `pada` (footstep) + `anuga` (following).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+anuga)

• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, going after
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `anu` (after) + root `gam` (to go) + suffix `ḍa`.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of `vyadravanta`.

वि (vi) - away (fled away) (apart, away, asunder)

(indeclinable)

Prepositional prefix (upasarga).

Note: Upasarga for `adravanta`.

अद्रवन्त (adravanta) - they fled (the followers) (they fled, they ran)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect active

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject is `padānugāḥ`.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear (from fear, due to fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Note: Reason for fleeing.

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - terrified (followers) (terrified, afraid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - terrified, afraid, fearful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `bhī` (to fear) with `kta` suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective.

येन (yena) - to where (by whom, by which, in which way, wherefore, to where)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of `yad`, masculine/neuter. Used here adverbially to mean 'to where'.

Note: Adverb of direction.

दौर्योधनम् (dauryodhanam) - Duryodhana's (army) (related to Duryodhana, Duryodhana's)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dauryodhana

dauryodhana - belonging to Duryodhana, Duryodhana's

Derived from `duryodhana` + `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Agrees with `balam`.

बलम् (balam) - Duryodhana's army (army, force, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Destination of the fleeing soldiers.