महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-17, verse-22

सुधन्वनो धनुश्छित्त्वा हयान्वै न्यवधीच्छरैः ।
अथास्य सशिरस्त्राणं शिरः कायादपाहरत् ॥२२॥

22. sudhanvano dhanuśchittvā hayānvai nyavadhīccharaiḥ ,
athāsya saśirastrāṇaṁ śiraḥ kāyādapāharat.

22. sudhanvanaḥ dhanuḥ chittvā hayān vai ni avadhīt
śaraiḥ atha asya saśirastrāṇam śiraḥ kāyāt apa āharat

22. sudhanvanaḥ dhanuḥ chittvā hayān vai śaraiḥ ni
avadhīt atha asya saśirastrāṇam śiraḥ kāyāt apa āharat

22. After cutting Sudhanvan's bow, Arjuna killed his horses with arrows. Then, he severed Sudhanvan's head, still adorned with its helmet, from his body.

Words meanings summery:

• सुधन्वनः (sudhanvanaḥ) - of Sudhanvan (proper noun) (of Sudhanvan)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - Sudhanvan's bow (bow)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut (the bow) (having cut, having severed)

• हयान् (hayān) - Sudhanvan's horses (horses)

• वै (vai) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (indeed, surely, truly)

• नि (ni) - down (implying killing/bringing down) (down, into, in)

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed (the horses) (killed, struck down)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Sudhanvan's) (of him, his)

• सशिरस्त्राणम् (saśirastrāṇam) - helmeted (head) (with a helmet, helmeted)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - Sudhanvan's head (head)

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from Sudhanvan's body (from the body)

• अप (apa) - away (from the body) (away, off, from)

• आहरत् (āharat) - removed (the head) (took, carried, removed)

Words meanings and morphology

सुधन्वनः (sudhanvanaḥ) - of Sudhanvan (proper noun) (of Sudhanvan)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sudhanvan

sudhanvan - Sudhanvan (a proper name, lit. 'possessing a good bow')

`sudhanvan` (सुधन्वन्) is a proper noun ending in `an`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dhanus)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix or adverb.
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessive, indicating whose bow it is.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - Sudhanvan's bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: Object of `chittvā`.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut (the bow) (having cut, having severed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix `ktvā`.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Gerund/absolutive.

हयान् (hayān) - Sudhanvan's horses (horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of `nyavadhīt`.

वै (vai) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (indeed, surely, truly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

नि (ni) - down (implying killing/bringing down) (down, into, in)

(indeclinable)

Prepositional prefix (upasarga).

Note: Upasarga for `avadhīt`.

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed (the horses) (killed, struck down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of vadh

Aorist active

3rd person singular, aorist tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Root `han` (हन्) with `vadha` replacement.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Arjuna's action.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Means of killing the horses.

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/adverb indicating sequence or initiation.

अस्य (asya) - his (Sudhanvan's) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Genitive singular of `idam`.

Note: Possessive.

सशिरस्त्राणम् (saśirastrāṇam) - helmeted (head) (with a helmet, helmeted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saśirastrāṇa

saśirastrāṇa - with a helmet, helmeted

Compound, `sa` (with) + `śirastrāṇa` (helmet).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śirastrāṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition.
• śirastrāṇa – helmet, head-protector
  noun (neuter)
  `śiras` (head) + `trāṇa` (protection).

Note: Agrees with `śiraḥ`.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - Sudhanvan's head (head)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top

Noun ending in `s`.

Note: Object of `apāharat`.

कायात् (kāyāt) - from Sudhanvan's body (from the body)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, trunk

Note: Indicates separation.

अप (apa) - away (from the body) (away, off, from)

(indeclinable)

Prepositional prefix (upasarga).

Note: Upasarga for `āharat`.

आहरत् (āharat) - removed (the head) (took, carried, removed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada. Formed with prefix `ā`.

Prefixes: apa+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.