महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-8, verse-29

तपस्तु तप्यमानास्ते भवन्ति ह्यूर्ध्वरेतसः ।
रक्षणार्थं तु भूतानां प्रविशन्ति दिवाकरम् ॥२९॥

29. tapastu tapyamānāste bhavanti hyūrdhvaretasaḥ ,
rakṣaṇārthaṁ tu bhūtānāṁ praviśanti divākaram.

29. tapaḥ tu tapyamānāḥ te bhavanti hi ūrdhvaretasaḥ
| rakṣaṇārtham tu bhūtānām praviśanti divākaram

29. tu te tapaḥ tapyamānāḥ hi ūrdhvaretasaḥ bhavanti
tu bhūtānām rakṣaṇārtham divākaram praviśanti

29. And they, engaged in performing severe austerities (tapas), indeed become celibate (ūrdhvaretasaḥ). For the protection of beings, they enter the sun (divākara).

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austere effort, penance, heat

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• तप्यमानाः (tapyamānāḥ) - performing penance, undergoing austerity, being heated

• ते (te) - they, those

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• ऊर्ध्वरेतसः (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) - celibate, one whose vital fluid flows upwards

• रक्षणार्थम् (rakṣaṇārtham) - for the purpose of protecting, for protection

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of elements

• प्रविशन्ति (praviśanti) - they enter

• दिवाकरम् (divākaram) - the sun, maker of day

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - austere effort, penance, heat

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

From root tap (to heat, to perform austerity) + asun suffix

Root: tap (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

particle

तप्यमानाः (tapyamānāḥ) - performing penance, undergoing austerity, being heated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - undergoing penance, being heated, performing austerities

Present Middle Participle

From root tap (to heat, perform austerity) + śānac suffix, used passively or reflexively

Root: tap (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

pronominal stem

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, Active voice

1st class root (bhvādi)

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

particle

ऊर्ध्वरेतसः (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) - celibate, one whose vital fluid flows upwards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ūrdhvaretas

ūrdhvaretas - celibate, having the semen flowing upwards (denoting complete continence)

compound adjective

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+retas)

• ūrdhva – upwards, elevated
  adjective (masculine)
• retas – semen, vital fluid, seed
  noun (neuter)
  from root rī (to flow) + asun suffix
  Root: rī

रक्षणार्थम् (rakṣaṇārtham) - for the purpose of protecting, for protection

(indeclinable)

compound formed with artha (purpose)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rakṣaṇa+artha)

• rakṣaṇa – protecting, guarding, preservation
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  from root rakṣ (to protect) + lyuṭ suffix
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative, meaning 'for the purpose of'.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of elements

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, what has been, past

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root bhū (to be) + kta suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to sentient beings/creatures.

प्रविशन्ति (praviśanti) - they enter

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of viś

Present tense, Active voice

Root viś (6th class) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: The base for praviśanti is viś prefixed by pra.

दिवाकरम् (divākaram) - the sun, maker of day

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, maker of day

compound noun

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
  adverb from div (day)
• kara – maker, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  from root kṛ (to do, make)
  agent noun suffix -a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of praviśanti.