महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-74, verse-8

तौ दृष्ट्वा समरे क्रुद्धौ विनिघ्नन्तौ परस्परम् ।
दुर्योधनानुजाः सर्वे शूराः संत्यक्तजीविताः ॥८॥

8. tau dṛṣṭvā samare kruddhau vinighnantau parasparam ,
duryodhanānujāḥ sarve śūrāḥ saṁtyaktajīvitāḥ.

8. tau dṛṣṭvā samare kruddhau vinighnantau parasparam
duryodhanānujāḥ sarve śūrāḥ saṃtyaktajīvitāḥ

8. samare parasparam vinighnantau kruddhau tau dṛṣṭvā
sarve duryodhanānujāḥ śūrāḥ saṃtyaktajīvitāḥ

8. Seeing those two enraged warriors striking each other in battle, all of Duryodhana's younger brothers, who were brave, resolved to sacrifice their lives.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (Duryodhana and his opponent, e.g., Bhima) (those two)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• क्रुद्धौ (kruddhau) - angry, enraged

• विनिघ्नन्तौ (vinighnantau) - striking, killing, smiting

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

• दुर्योधनानुजाः (duryodhanānujāḥ) - younger brothers of Duryodhana

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes

• संत्यक्तजीविताः (saṁtyaktajīvitāḥ) - having given up their lives, prepared to die

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (Duryodhana and his opponent, e.g., Bhima) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the two warriors fighting.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

क्रुद्धौ (kruddhau) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'

विनिघ्नन्तौ (vinighnantau) - striking, killing, smiting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vinighnat

vinighnat - striking, killing

Present Active Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix vi + ni

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

दुर्योधनानुजाः (duryodhanānujāḥ) - younger brothers of Duryodhana

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanānuja

duryodhanānuja - younger brother of Duryodhana

Compound type : tatpurusha (duryodhana+anuja)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anuja – younger brother, born after
  noun (masculine)
  From anu- + jan (to be born)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'duryodhanānujāḥ'

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant

संत्यक्तजीविताः (saṁtyaktajīvitāḥ) - having given up their lives, prepared to die

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃtyaktajīvita

saṁtyaktajīvita - one who has abandoned life, fearless of death

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃtyakta+jīvita)

• saṃtyakta – abandoned, given up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tyaj (to abandon) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle used as noun
  From root jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'duryodhanānujāḥ' and 'śūrāḥ'