महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-2, verse-3

वैचित्रवीर्यं राजानं स रहस्यं ब्रवीदिदम् ।
शोचन्तमार्तं ध्यायन्तं पुत्राणामनयं तदा ॥३॥

3. vaicitravīryaṁ rājānaṁ sa rahasyaṁ bravīdidam ,
śocantamārtaṁ dhyāyantaṁ putrāṇāmanayaṁ tadā.

3. vaicitravīryaṃ rājānam sa rahasyam bravīti idam
śocantam ārtam dhyāyantam putrāṇām anayam tadā

3. tadā saḥ vaicitravīryam rājānam śocantam ārtam
putrāṇām anayam dhyāyantam idam rahasyam bravīti

3. Then, he (Vyāsa) secretly spoke this to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (son of Vicitravīrya), who was grieving, distressed, and pondering the misfortune of his sons.

Words meanings summery:

• वैचित्रवीर्यं (vaicitravīryaṁ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the blind king. (son of Vicitravīrya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (king)

• स (sa) - Refers to Vyāsa. (he)

• रहस्यम् (rahasyam) - Describes the manner of speaking. (secret, confidentially, in private)

• ब्रवीति (bravīti) - he says, speaks, tells

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the message Vyāsa is about to convey. (this, this (thing))

• शोचन्तम् (śocantam) - Describes the state of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (lamenting, grieving, mourning)

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - Describes the state of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained)

• ध्यायन्तम् (dhyāyantam) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra was thinking deeply about his sons' fate. (meditating, pondering, contemplating)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas. (of the sons)

• अनयम् (anayam) - The ill-fate or bad conduct of his sons (Duryodhana etc.) (misfortune, bad policy, ill-conduct, misrule)

• तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time after Vyāsa observed the twilights. (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

वैचित्रवीर्यं (vaicitravīryaṁ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the blind king. (son of Vicitravīrya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaicitravīrya

vaicitravīrya - descendant of Vicitravīrya, specifically Dhṛtarāṣṭra

From Vicitravīrya + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

राजानम् (rājānam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of `bravīti`.

स (sa) - Refers to Vyāsa. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of `bravīti`.

रहस्यम् (rahasyam) - Describes the manner of speaking. (secret, confidentially, in private)

(indeclinable)

From rahas (secret) + ya suffix

Note: Functions as an adverb 'secretly'.

ब्रवीति (bravīti) - he says, speaks, tells

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present active 3rd singular

Irregular verb, 2nd class (adādi)

Root: brū (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the message Vyāsa is about to convey. (this, this (thing))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of `bravīti`.

शोचन्तम् (śocantam) - Describes the state of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (lamenting, grieving, mourning)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving, mourning

Present Active Participle

From root śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying `rājānam`.

आर्तम् (ārtam) - Describes the state of King Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā, or from root ṛt (to pain)

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying `rājānam`.

ध्यायन्तम् (dhyāyantam) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra was thinking deeply about his sons' fate. (meditating, pondering, contemplating)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, pondering, contemplating

Present Active Participle

From root dhyai (to think, meditate)

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying `rājānam`.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas. (of the sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Connected to `anayam`.

अनयम् (anayam) - The ill-fate or bad conduct of his sons (Duryodhana etc.) (misfortune, bad policy, ill-conduct, misrule)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - misfortune, ill-conduct, bad policy, impropriety

Compound (a + naya)

Compound type : nan-tatpurusha (a+naya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• naya – policy, conduct, guidance, justice
  noun (masculine)
  From root nī (to lead, guide)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Object of the participle `dhyāyantam`.

तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time after Vyāsa observed the twilights. (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Avyaya