महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-2, verse-20

उभे पूर्वापरे संध्ये नित्यं पश्यामि भारत ।
उदयास्तमने सूर्यं कबन्धैः परिवारितम् ॥२०॥

20. ubhe pūrvāpare saṁdhye nityaṁ paśyāmi bhārata ,
udayāstamane sūryaṁ kabandhaiḥ parivāritam.

20. ubhe pūrvāpare sandhye nityaṃ paśyāmi bhārata
udayāstamane sūryaṃ kabandhaiḥ parivāritam

20. bhārata nityaṃ ubhe pūrvāpare sandhye udayāstamane
kabandhaiḥ parivāritam sūryaṃ paśyāmi

20. O Bhārata, I constantly observe both the morning and evening twilights, and the sun at its rising and setting, surrounded by headless bodies (kabandha).

Words meanings summery:

• उभे (ubhe) - both

• पूर्वापरे (pūrvāpare) - referring to dawn and dusk (eastern and western, former and later)

• सन्ध्ये (sandhye) - dawn and dusk (twilights, junctions (of day and night), junctures)

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I witness (I see, I observe)

• भारत (bhārata) - An address to a prominent figure, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in the Mahābhārata. (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

• उदयास्तमने (udayāstamane) - referring to the sun's rising and setting (at rising and setting, at dawn and dusk)

• सूर्यं (sūryaṁ) - sun

• कबन्धैः (kabandhaiḥ) - spectral, ominous figures portending disaster (by headless trunks/bodies, by ominous headless forms)

• परिवारितम् (parivāritam) - surrounded, encompassed, enclosed

Words meanings and morphology

उभे (ubhe) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Accusative dual feminine, agreeing with sandhye.

पूर्वापरे (pūrvāpare) - referring to dawn and dusk (eastern and western, former and later)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, dual of pūrvāpara

pūrvāpara - eastern and western, former and later, before and after

Compound type : dvandva (pūrva+apara)

• pūrva – eastern, prior, former
  adjective (masculine)
• apara – western, later, other
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Accusative dual feminine, agreeing with sandhye.

सन्ध्ये (sandhye) - dawn and dusk (twilights, junctions (of day and night), junctures)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of sandhi

sandhi - junction, twilight, union, connection

From sam + dhā + ki.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Accusative dual feminine, direct object of paśyāmi.

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I witness (I see, I observe)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active indicative, parasmaipada, 1st class (root dṛś forms paśya- in present stem).

From root dṛś, present stem paśya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - An address to a prominent figure, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in the Mahābhārata. (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India, Indian

Apatyārthe aṇ pratyaya from Bharata.

उदयास्तमने (udayāstamane) - referring to the sun's rising and setting (at rising and setting, at dawn and dusk)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of udayāstamana

udayāstamana - rising and setting, appearance and disappearance

From udaya (rising) and astamana (setting).

Compound type : dvandva (udaya+astamana)

• udaya – rising, emergence, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  From ud + i + ac.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• astamana – setting, disappearance, decline
  noun (neuter)
  From astam + gam + lyuṭ (ana).
  Prefix: astam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Locative dual, indicating 'at the time of rising and setting'.

सूर्यं (sūryaṁ) - sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

Note: Direct object of paśyāmi.

कबन्धैः (kabandhaiḥ) - spectral, ominous figures portending disaster (by headless trunks/bodies, by ominous headless forms)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kabandha

kabandha - headless trunk, body of a headless man, a cloud, a particular demon

ku (bad) + bandha (body/tie).

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating the agent of 'surrounded by'.

परिवारितम् (parivāritam) - surrounded, encompassed, enclosed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encircled, covered

Past Passive Participle

From pari + vṛ (to cover, surround) + kta (ta).

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, qualifying sūryam.