महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-2, verse-5

तेषु कालपरीतेषु विनश्यत्सु च भारत ।
कालपर्यायमाज्ञाय मा स्म शोके मनः कृथाः ॥५॥

5. teṣu kālaparīteṣu vinaśyatsu ca bhārata ,
kālaparyāyamājñāya mā sma śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ.

5. teṣu kālaparīteṣu vinaśyatsu ca bhārata
kālaparyāyam ājñāya mā sma śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ

5. bhārata teṣu kālaparīteṣu ca vinaśyatsu
kālaparyāyam ājñāya manaḥ śoke mā sma kṛthāḥ

5. O Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), as they are destined by time (kāla) to perish, understand this turn of time (kāla) and do not set your mind to sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - regarding them (your sons and other kings) (in them, among them)

• कालपरीतेषु (kālaparīteṣu) - when their time for death has arrived (when surrounded by time, when their time has come)

• विनश्यत्सु (vinaśyatsu) - as they are perishing (in battle) (while perishing, in the act of perishing)

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

• कालपर्यायम् (kālaparyāyam) - the inevitable turn of time (the course of time, the turn of time)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having fully understood (having known, having understood)

• मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

• स्म (sma) - (emphatic or part of prohibitive construction 'mā sma') (indeed, certainly, particle for past tense)

• शोके (śoke) - in sorrow (in sorrow, grief)

• मनः (manaḥ) - your mind (mind, heart, intellect)

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should place, you should fix (you should make, you should do)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - regarding them (your sons and other kings) (in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sons and kings mentioned in the previous verse.

कालपरीतेषु (kālaparīteṣu) - when their time for death has arrived (when surrounded by time, when their time has come)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kālaparīta

kālaparīta - whose time has come, surrounded by time

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+parīta)

• kāla – time, period, death
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, fallen upon
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root iṅ with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: iṅ (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'teṣu' and 'vinaśyatsu'.

विनश्यत्सु (vinaśyatsu) - as they are perishing (in battle) (while perishing, in the act of perishing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of vinaśyat

vinaśyat - perishing, destroying

Present Active Participle

from root naś with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Present active participle, locative plural, modifying 'teṣu'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kālaparīteṣu' and 'vinaśyatsu'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

Apātya derivation from Bharata

Note: An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

कालपर्यायम् (kālaparyāyam) - the inevitable turn of time (the course of time, the turn of time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālaparyāya

kālaparyāya - course of time, turn of time, change of time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+paryāya)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• paryāya – turn, course, succession, change
  noun (masculine)
  from root i with prefixes pari and ā
  Prefixes: pari+ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'ājñāya'.

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having fully understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from root jñā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Connects to 'kṛthāḥ'.

मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - (emphatic or part of prohibitive construction 'mā sma') (indeed, certainly, particle for past tense)

(indeclinable)

शोके (śoke) - in sorrow (in sorrow, grief)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Note: Object of mental action ('manaḥ kṛthāḥ').

मनः (manaḥ) - your mind (mind, heart, intellect)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, spirit, intellect

Note: Object of 'kṛthāḥ'.

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should place, you should fix (you should make, you should do)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Active Injunctive

2nd person singular, Aorist, active voice. Used with 'mā sma' for prohibition.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Prohibition: 'mā sma kṛthāḥ' - "do not make/put".